## Physics

### A general inseparability criterion for non-Gaussian states. (arXiv:1707.03209v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 6 hours 50 min ago

We have derived a general separability criterion for a class of two mode non-Gaussian continuous variable systems, obtained earlier using PPT, violation of which provides sufficient condition for entanglement. It has been obtained by utilizing the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and from the basic definition of separable states. This criterion coincides with the work of Agarwal and Biswas [4] which involved inequality involving higher order correlation, for testing entanglement in non-Gaussian states.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Higher-order interactions in quantum optomechanics: Analytical solution of nonlinearity. (arXiv:1702.04982v5 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 6 hours 50 min ago

A method has been described to tackle the intrinsic nonlinearity of Langevin equations arising from quadratic optomechanical interactions. The zeroth order approximation is normally used in the literature to expand the operators in terms of their linearized perturbations. Here, we present first and second order perturbation schemes, which are based on employing system operators of higher dimensions, and then solely approximating number operators with their corresponding mean boson numbers. It is shown how to derive the spectral densities of resulting higher-order operators, and as an application of the scheme, a simple expression for the second-order correlation function at zero time-delay has been found.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Constraints on long-range spin-gravity and monopole-dipole couplings of the proton. (arXiv:1707.00745v2 [physics.atom-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 6 hours 50 min ago

Results of a search for a long-range monopole-dipole coupling between the mass of the Earth and rubidium (Rb) nuclear spins are reported. The experiment simultaneously measures the spin precession frequencies of overlapping ensembles of $^{85}$Rb and $^{87}$Rb atoms contained within an evacuated, antirelaxation-coated vapor cell. The nuclear structure of the Rb isotopes makes the experiment particularly sensitive to spin-dependent interactions of the proton. The spin-dependent component of the gravitational energy of the proton in the Earth's field is found to be smaller than $3 \times 10^{-18}~{\rm eV}$, improving laboratory constraints on long-range monopole-dipole interactions by over three orders of magnitude.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Optimizing Quantum Walk Search on a Reduced Uniform Complete Multi-Partite Graph. (arXiv:1706.05403v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 6 hours 50 min ago

In a recent work by Novo et al. (Sci. Rep. 5, 13304, 2015), the invariant subspace method was applied to the study of continuous-time quantum walk (CTQW). The method helps to reduce a graph into a simpler version that allows more transparent analyses of the quantum walk model. In this work, we adopt the aforementioned method to investigate the optimality of a quantum walk search of a marked element on a complete multi-partite graph. We formulate the eigenbasis that would facilitate the transport between the two lowest energy eigenstates and demonstrate how to set the appropriate coupling factor to preserve the optimality.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Mixed Quantum States with Variable Planck Constant. (arXiv:1706.06069v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 6 hours 50 min ago

Recent cosmological measurements tend to confirm that the fine structure constant {\alpha} is not immutable and has undergone a tiny variation since the Big Bang. Choosing adequate units, this could also reflect a variation of Planck's constant h. The aim of this Letter is to explore some consequences of such a possible change of h for the pure and mixed states of quantum mechanics. Surprisingly enough it is found that not only is the purity of a state extremely sensitive to such changes, but that quantum states can evolve into classical states, and vice versa. A complete classification of such transitions is however not possible for the moment being because of yet unsolved mathematical difficulties related to the study of positivity properties of trace class operators.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Taming finite statistics for device-independent quantum information. (arXiv:1705.09245v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 6 hours 50 min ago

The device-independent approach to physics is one where conclusions are drawn directly and solely from the observed correlations between measurement outcomes. In quantum information, this approach allows one to make strong statements about the properties of the underlying devices via the observation of Bell-inequality-violating correlations. However, since one can only perform a finite number of experimental trials, statistical fluctuations necessarily accompany any estimation of these correlations. Consequently, an important gap remains between the many theoretical tools developed for the asymptotic scenario and the experimentally obtained raw data. In particular, a sensible way to estimate the underlying quantum distribution has so far remained elusive. Here, we provide a set of tools to bridge this gap. Under the assumption that the experimental trials are independent and identically distributed, our methods allow one to achieve the analog of quantum state estimation in the device-independent setting by generating unique point estimates of the true quantum distribution. Our numerical results further suggest that these estimates converge toward the underlying distribution with a rate at least as good as the relative frequencies. As an application, we demonstrate how such estimates of the underlying quantum distribution can be used to provide sensible estimates of the amount of entanglement present in the measured system. In stark contrast with existing approach to device-independent parameter estimations, our estimation does not require the prior knowledge of any Bell inequality tailored for the specific property and the specific correlation of interest.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Weak Versus Strong Disorder Superfluid-Bose Glass Transition in One Dimension. (arXiv:1704.02257v2 [cond-mat.dis-nn] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 6 hours 50 min ago

Using large-scale simulations based on matrix product state and quantum Monte Carlo techniques, we study the superfluid to Bose glass-transition for one-dimensional attractive hard-core bosons at zero temperature, across the full regime from weak to strong disorder. As a function of interaction and disorder strength, we identify a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless critical line with two different regimes. At small attraction where critical disorder is weak compared to the bandwidth, the critical Luttinger parameter $K_c$ takes its universal Giamarchi-Schulz value $K_{c}=3/2$. Conversely, a non-universal $K_c>3/2$ emerges for stronger attraction where weak-link physics is relevant. In this strong disorder regime, the transition is characterized by self-similar power-law distributed weak links with a continuously varying characteristic exponent $\alpha$.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Transfer of temporal coherence in parametric down-conversion. (arXiv:1704.01786v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 6 hours 50 min ago

We show that in parametric down-conversion the coherence properties of a temporally partially coherent pump field get entirely transferred to the down-converted entangled two-photon field. Under the assumption that the frequency-bandwidth of the down-converted signal-idler photons is much larger than that of the pump, we derive the temporal coherence functions for the down-converted field, for both infinitely-fast and time-averaged detection schemes. We show that in each scheme the coherence function factorizes into two separate coherence functions with one of them carrying the entire statistical information of the pump field. In situations in which the pump is a Gaussian Schell-model field, we derive explicit expressions for the coherence functions. Finally, we show that the concurrence of time-energy-entangled two-qubit states is bounded by the degree of temporal coherence of the pump field. This study can have important implications for understanding how correlations of the pump field manifest as two-particle entanglement as well as for harnessing energy-time entanglement for long-distance quantum communication protocols.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Dispersive optical detection of magnetic Feshbach resonances in ultracold gases. (arXiv:1702.02216v4 [cond-mat.quant-gas] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 6 hours 50 min ago

Magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances in ultracold atomic systems are chiefly identified and characterized through time consuming atom loss spectroscopy. We describe an off-resonant dispersive optical probing technique to rapidly locate Feshbach resonances and demonstrate the method by locating four resonances of $^{87}$Rb, between the $|\rm{F} = 1, \rm{m_F}=1 \rangle$ and $|\rm{F} = 2, \rm{m_F}=0 \rangle$ states. Despite the loss features being $\lesssim0.1$ G wide, we require only 21 experimental runs to explore a magnetic field range >18 G, where $1~\rm{G}=10^{-4}$ T. The resonances consist of two known s-wave features in the vicinity of 9 G and 18 G and two previously unobserved p-wave features near 5 G and 10 G. We further utilize the dispersive approach to directly characterize the two-body loss dynamics for each Feshbach resonance.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Synopsis: Saturn-Shaped Drops

APS Physics - Thu, 2017-07-20 16:00

An electric field can pull apart a millimeter-sized oil drop, causing it to shed thin rings from its equator that then break up into tiny droplets.

[Physics] Published Thu Jul 20, 2017

Categories: Physics

Author(s): Jingping Xu, Shenglong Chang, Yaping Yang, Shiyao Zhu, and G. S. Agarwal

Several recent experiments have reported a variety of new collective behaviors of two atoms in a cavity. An important experimental result was that the back-reaction in a high-quality cavity leads to subradiance rather than superradiance. Further investigation by changing the parameter domain has sho...

[Phys. Rev. A 96, 013839] Published Thu Jul 20, 2017

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Stability and bifurcation analysis of spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Author(s): Nianqiang Li, H. Susanto, B. R. Cemlyn, I. D. Henning, and M. J. Adams

A detailed stability and bifurcation analysis of spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is presented. We consider both steady-state and dynamical regimes. In the case of steady-state operation, we carry out a small-signal (asymptotic) stability analysis of the steady-state s...

[Phys. Rev. A 96, 013840] Published Thu Jul 20, 2017

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Bound states in the continuum with high orbital angular momentum in a dielectric rod with periodically modulated permittivity

Author(s): Evgeny N. Bulgakov and Almas F. Sadreev

We report bound states in the radiation continuum (BICs) in a single infinitely long dielectric rod with periodically stepwise modulated permittivity alternating from ε1 to ε2. For ε2=1 in air the rod is equivalent to a stack of dielectric disks with permittivity ε1. Because of rotational and transl...

[Phys. Rev. A 96, 013841] Published Thu Jul 20, 2017

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Single-laser-pulse implementation of arbitrary ZYZ rotations of an atomic qubit

PRA: Quantum information - Thu, 2017-07-20 16:00

Author(s): Han-gyeol Lee, Yunheung Song, and Jaewook Ahn

Arbitrary rotation of a qubit can be performed with a three-pulse sequence, for example, ZYZ rotations. However, this requires precise control of the relative phase and timing between the pulses, making it technically challenging in optical implementation in a short time scale. Here we show any ZYZ ...

[Phys. Rev. A 96, 012326] Published Thu Jul 20, 2017

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantum effective potential from hidden degrees of freedom. (arXiv:1707.05789v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Thu, 2017-07-20 13:45

I obtain the quantum correction $\Delta V_\mathrm{eff}= (\hbar^2/8m) [(1- 4\xi \frac{d+1}{d})(S')^2 + 2(1-4\xi)S'']$ that appears in the effective potential whenever a compact $d$-dimensional subspace (of volume $\propto \exp[S(x)]$) is discarded from the configuration space of a nonrelativistic particle of mass $m$ and curvature coupling parameter $\xi$. This correction gives rise to a force $-\langle\Delta V_\mathrm{eff}'\rangle$ that pushes the expectation value $\langle x\rangle$ off its classical trajectory. Because $\Delta V_\mathrm{eff}$ does not depend on the details of the discarded subspace, these results constitute a generic model of the quantum effect of hidden variables with maximum entropy/information capacity $S(x)$.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### The Entanglement Timescale. (arXiv:1707.05792v1 [hep-th])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Thu, 2017-07-20 13:45

We derive the timescale for two initially pure subsystems to become entangled with each other through an arbitrary Hamiltonian that couples them. The entanglement timescale is inversely proportional to the "correlated uncertainty" between the two subsystems, a quantity which we will define and analyze in this paper. Our result is still applicable when one of the subsystems started in an arbitrarily mixed state, thus it generalizes the well-known "decoherence timescale" while coupled to a thermal state.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### The impact of Fano resonance on enhancing the cooling of a levitated nanosphere in the resolved sideband regime. (arXiv:1707.05823v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Thu, 2017-07-20 13:45

In this paper we investigate cooling of a levitated nanosphere in a system of coupled cavities in the resolved sideband regime. It is shown that the optomechanical coupling strength can be enhanced through the existence of an extra Fano lineshape in the optical spectrum of this system. More than one order of magnitude faster cooling rates can be obtained in comparison with the case of a single cavity. Furthermore, enhancing the optomechanical coupling strength may provide reaching the strong coupling regime even at the conventional power ranges. In this regime, the Lorentzian approximation is not valid, and we present a new analytical method to obtain the precise values of cooling rates in which the spectral density of the displacement of the particle is approximated by a double Lorentzian lineshape.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Role of quantum correlations in light-matter quantum heat engines. (arXiv:1707.05827v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Thu, 2017-07-20 13:45

We study a quantum Otto engine embedding a working substance composed by a two-level system interacting with a harmonic mode. The physical properties of the substance are described by a generalized quantum Rabi model arising in superconducting circuits realizations. We show that light-matter quantum correlations reduction during the hot bath stage and compression stage act as a resource for enhanced work extraction and efficiency respectively. Also, we demonstrate that the anharmonic spectrum of the working subtance has a direct impact on the transition from heat engine into refrigerator as the light-matter coupling is increased. These results shed light on the search for optimal conditions in the performance of quantum heat engines.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantum gate description for induced coherence without induced emission and related phenomena. (arXiv:1707.05855v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Thu, 2017-07-20 13:45

We introduce unitary quantum gates for photon pair creation in spontaneous parametric down-conversion nonlinear crystals (NLs) and for photon path alignment. These are the two key ingredients for the method of "induced coherence without induced emission" and many ensuing variations thereof. The difficulty in doing so stems from an apparent mixing of the mode picture (such as the polarization of photons) and the Fock picture (such as the existence of the photons). We illustrate utility of these gates by obtaining quantum circuits for the experimental setups of the frustrated generation of photon pairs, identification of a point-like object with undetected photons, and creation of a Bell state. We also introduce an effective nonunitary description for the action of NLs in experiments where all the NLs are pumped coherently. As an example, by using this simplifying picture, we show how NLs can be used to create superposition of given quantum states in a modular fashion.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Disorder-assisted distribution of entanglement in $XY$ spin chains. (arXiv:1707.05865v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Thu, 2017-07-20 13:45

We study the creation and distribution of entanglement in disordered $XY$-type spin-$1/2$ chains for the paradigmatic case of a single flipped spin prepared on a fully polarized background. The local magnetic field is set to follow a disordered long-range-correlated sequence with power-law spectrum. Depending on the degree of correlations of the disorder, a set of extended modes emerge in the middle of the band yielding an interplay between localization and delocalization. As a consequence, a rich variety of entanglement distribution patterns arises, which we evaluate here through the concurrence between two spins. We show that, even in the presence of disorder, the entanglement wave can be pushed to spread out reaching distant sites and also enhance pairwise entanglement between the initial site and the rest of the chain. We also study the propagation of an initial maximally-entangled state through the chain and show that correlated disorder improves the transmission quite significantly when compared with the uncorrelated counterpart. Our work contributes in designing solid-state devices for quantum information processing in the realistic setting of correlated static disorder.

Categories: Journals, Physics