## Physics

### Real Time Dynamics and Confinement in the $\mathbb{Z}_{n}$ Schwinger-Weyl lattice model for 1+1 QED. (arXiv:1909.04821v4 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2020-05-29 14:52

We study the out-of-equilibrium properties of $1+1$ dimensional quantum electrodynamics (QED), discretized via the staggered-fermion Schwinger model with an Abelian $\mathbb{Z}_{n}$ gauge group. We look at two relevant phenomena: first, we analyze the stability of the Dirac vacuum with respect to particle/antiparticle pair production, both spontaneous and induced by an external electric field; then, we examine the string breaking mechanism. We observe a strong effect of confinement, which acts by suppressing both spontaneous pair production and string breaking into quark/antiquark pairs, indicating that the system dynamics displays a number of out-of-equilibrium features.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### On the equivalence of approximate Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill codes. (arXiv:1910.08301v3 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2020-05-29 14:52

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) quantum error correcting code attracts much attention in continuous variable (CV) quantum computation and CV quantum communication due to the simplicity of error correcting routines and the high tolerance against Gaussian errors. Since the GKP code state should be regarded as a limit of physically meaningful approximate ones, various approximations have been developed until today, but explicit relations among them are still unclear. In this paper, we rigorously prove the equivalence of these approximate GKP codes with an explicit correspondence of the parameters. We also propose a standard form of the approximate code states in the position representation, which enables us to derive closed-from expressions for the Wigner functions, the inner products, and the average photon numbers in terms of the theta functions. Our results serve as fundamental tools for further analyses of fault-tolerant quantum computation and channel coding using approximate GKP codes.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Observation of two-dimensional Anderson localisation of ultracold atoms. (arXiv:1911.04858v2 [cond-mat.quant-gas] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2020-05-29 14:52

Anderson localisation -- the inhibition of wave propagation in disordered media -- is a surprising interference phenomenon which is particularly intriguing in two-dimensional (2D) systems. While an ideal, non-interacting 2D system of infinite size is always localised, the localisation length-scale may be too large to be unambiguously observed in an experiment. In this sense, 2D is a marginal dimension between one-dimension, where all states are strongly localised, and three-dimensions, where a well-defined phase transition between localisation and delocalisation exists as the energy is increased. Motivated by the goal of observing and closely studying the quantum interference leading to Anderson localisation in a 2D quantum system, we have designed a transmission experiment in which ultracold atoms propagate through a custom-shaped disordered channel connecting two reservoirs, which overcomes many of the technical challenges that have hampered observation in previous works. We experimentally observe exponential localisation in a 2D ultracold atom system

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Mirror skin effect and its electric circuit simulation. (arXiv:1912.12022v2 [cond-mat.mes-hall] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2020-05-29 14:52

We analyze impacts of crystalline symmetry on the non-Hermitian skin effects. Focusing on mirror symmetry, we propose a novel type of skin effects, a mirror skin effect, which results in significant dependence of energy spectrum on the boundary condition only for the mirror invariant line in the two-dimensional Brillouin zone. This effect arises from the topological properties characterized by a mirror winding number. We further reveal that the mirror skin effect can be observed for an electric circuit composed of negative impedance converters with current inversion where switching the boundary condition significantly changes the admittance eigenvalues only along the mirror invariant lines. Furthermore, we demonstrate that extensive localization of the eigenstates for each mirror sector result in an anomalous voltage response.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Remote entanglement via adiabatic passage using a tunably-dissipative quantum communication system. (arXiv:2005.12334v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2020-05-29 14:52

Effective quantum communication between remote quantum nodes requires high fidelity quantum state transfer and remote entanglement generation. Recent experiments have demonstrated that microwave photons, as well as phonons, can be used to couple superconducting qubits, with a fidelity limited primarily by loss in the communication channel. Adiabatic protocols can overcome channel loss by transferring quantum states without populating the lossy communication channel. Here we present a unique superconducting quantum communication system, comprising two superconducting qubits connected by a 0.73 m-long communication channel. Significantly, we can introduce large tunable loss to the channel, allowing exploration of different entanglement protocols in the presence of dissipation. When set for minimum loss in the channel, we demonstrate an adiabatic quantum state transfer protocol that achieves 99% transfer efficiency as well as the deterministic generation of entangled Bell states with a fidelity of 96%, all without populating the intervening communication channel, and competitive with a qubit-resonant mode-qubit relay method. We also explore the performance of the adiabatic protocol in the presence of significant channel loss, and show that the adiabatic protocol protects against loss in the channel, achieving higher state transfer and entanglement fidelities than the relay method.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Feasibility Assessment For Practical Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution Over The Satellite-to-Earth Channel. (arXiv:2005.10468v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2020-05-29 14:52

Currently, quantum key distribution (QKD) using continuous variable (CV) technology has only been demonstrated over short-range terrestrial links. Here we attempt to answer whether CV-QKD over the much longer satellite-to-Earth channel is feasible. To this end, we first review the concepts and technologies that will enable CV-QKD over the satellite-to-Earth channels. We then consider, in the infinite key limit, the simplest-to-deploy QKD protocols, the coherent state (CS) QKD protocol with homodyne detection and the CS-QKD protocol with heterodyne detection. We then focus on the CS-QKD protocol with heterodyne detection in the pragmatic setting of finite keys, where complete security against general attacks is known. We pay particular attention to the relevant noise terms in the satellite-to-Earth channel and their impact on the secret key rates. In system set-ups where diffraction dominates losses, we find that the main components of the total excess noise are the intensity fluctuations due to scintillation, and the time-of-arrival fluctuations between signal and local oscillator. We conclude that for a wide range of pragmatic system models, CS-QKD with information-theoretic unconditional security in the satellite-to-Earth channel is feasible.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Toward simulation of topological phenomenas with one-, two- and three-dimensional quantum walks. (arXiv:2005.08720v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2020-05-29 14:52

We study the simulation of the topological phases in three subsequent dimensions with quantum walks. We are mainly focused on the completion of a table for the protocols of the quantum walk that could simulate different family of the topological phases in one, two dimensions and take the first initiatives to build necessary protocols for three-dimensional cases. We also highlight the possible boundary states that can be observed for each protocol in different dimensions and extract the conditions for their emergences or absences. To further enrich the simulation of the topological phenomenas, we include step-dependent coins in the evolution operators of the quantum walks. Consequently, this leads to step-dependency of the simulated topological phenomenas and their properties which in turn introduce dynamicality as a feature to simulated topological phases and boundary states. This dynamicality provides the step-number of the quantum walk as a mean to control and engineer the number of topological phases and boundary states, their populations, types and even occurrences.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantum causal correlations and non-Markovianity of qubit evolution. (arXiv:2005.04129v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2020-05-29 14:52

A non-Markovianity measure for qubit channels is introduced based on causality measure - a monotone of causal (temporal) correlations - arising out of the pseudo-density matrix (PDM) formalism which treats quantum correlations in space and time on an equal footing. Using the well known damped Jaynes-Cummings model of a two-level system interacting with a bosonic reservoir at zero temperature as an example, it is shown that breakdown of monotonicity of the causality measure is associated with the revival of temporal (causal) correlations hence with the negativity of the decay rate. Also, a note on the comparison of causality measure with other geometric measures such as trace distance is given.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Critical supercurrent and $\phi_0$ state for probing a persistent spin helix. (arXiv:2004.14586v2 [cond-mat.mes-hall] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2020-05-29 14:52

We theoretically study the profile of a supercurrent in two-dimensional Josephson junctions with Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction (RDSOI) in the presence of a Zeeman field. Through investigating self-biased supercurrent (so called $\varphi_0$-Josephson state), we obtain explicit expressions for the functionality of the $\varphi_0$ state with respect to RDSOI parameters ($\alpha,\beta$) and in-plane Zeeman field components ($h_x,h_y$). Our findings reveal that, when the chemical potential ($\mu$) is high enough compared to the energy gap ($\Delta$) in superconducting electrodes, i.e., $\mu \gg \Delta$, RSOI and DSOI with equal strengths ($|\alpha|=|\beta|$) cause vanishing $\varphi_0$ state independent of magnetization and the type of RDSOI. A Zeeman field with unequal components, i.e., $|h_x|\neq |h_y|$, however, can counteract and nullify the destructive impact of equal-strength RDSOIs (for one type only), where $\mu\sim\Delta$, although $|h_x|= |h_y|$ can still eliminate the $\varphi_0$ state. Remarkably, in the $\mu\sim\Delta$ limit, the $\varphi_0$ state is proportional to the multiplication of both components of an in-plane Zeeman field, i.e., $h_xh_y$, which is absent in the $\mu \gg \Delta$ limit. Furthermore, our results of critical supercurrents demonstrate that the persistent spin helices can be revealed in a high enough chemical potential regime $\mu\gg \Delta$, while an opposite regime, i.e., $\mu\sim\Delta$, introduces an adverse effect. In the ballistic regime, the "maximum" of the critical supercurrent occurs at $|\alpha|=|\beta|$ and the Zeeman field can boost this feature. The presence of disorder and nonmagnetic impurities change this picture drastically so the "minimum" of the critical supercurrent occurs at and around the symmetry lines $|\alpha|=|\beta|$.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Backflow for open quantum systems of two identical particles. (arXiv:2004.06717v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2020-05-29 14:52

In this work, quantum backflow for open quantum systems of two identical spinless particles is addressed within the Caldeira-Leggett (CL) approach under the presence of an opposing force and by using single Gaussian and non-Gaussian wave packets. Backflow is shown to be reduced for small opposing forces, relaxation rate, temperature and a certain degree of non-Gaussianity, but never suppressed. This effect seems to be persistent at long times when considering only one wave packet, implying that interference plays no role. This remarkable behavior is attributed to the time dependence of the width of the probability density expressed in terms of relaxation rate and temperature through the diffusion coefficient. For identical spinless particles, the so-called single-particle probability density and simultaneous/joint detection probability are evaluated. Backflow is found to be occurred only for the dissipative case, being again persistent in time only without an opposing force. Our calculations show that identical spinless fermions display a higher amount of backflow with respect to identical spinless bosons and distinguishable particles. With damping and temperature, the decoherence process, loss of being indistinguishable, is settled gradually with time. At decoherence, the nature of the particles is no longer relevant.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Sub-system quantum dynamics using coupled cluster downfolding techniques. (arXiv:2003.09566v3 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2020-05-29 14:52

In this paper, we discuss extending the sub-system embedding sub-algebra coupled cluster (SESCC) formalism and the double unitary coupled cluster (DUCC) Ansatz to the time domain. An important part of the analysis is associated with proving the exactness of the DUCC Ansatz based on the general many-body form of anti-Hermitian cluster operators defining external and internal excitations. Using these formalisms, it is possible to calculate the energy of the entire system as an eigenvalue of downfolded/effective Hamiltonian in the active space, that is identifiable with the sub-system of the composite system. It can also be shown that downfolded Hamiltonians integrate out Fermionic degrees of freedom that do not correspond to the physics encapsulated by the active space. In this paper, we extend these results to the time-dependent Schroedinger equation, showing that a similar construct is possible to partition a system into a sub-system that varies slowly in time and a remaining sub-system that corresponds to fast oscillations. This time-dependent formalism allows coupled cluster quantum dynamics to be extended to larger systems and for the formulation of novel quantum algorithms based on the quantum Lanczos approach, which has recently been considered in the literature.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Recovery of damaged information and the out-of-time-ordered correlators. (arXiv:2003.07267v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2020-05-29 14:52

A time-reversed dynamics unwinds information scrambling, which is induced during the time-forward evolution with a complex Hamiltonian. We show that if the scrambled information is, in addition, partially damaged by a local measurement, then such a damage can still be treated by application of the time-reversed protocol. This information recovery is described by the long-time saturation value of a certain out-of-time-ordered correlator of local variables. We also propose a simple test that distinguishes between quantum and reversible classical chaotic information scrambling.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Emergence of PT-symmetry breaking in open quantum systems. (arXiv:2003.02265v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2020-05-29 14:52

The effect of PT-symmetry breaking in coupled systems with balanced gain and loss has recently attracted considerable attention and has been demonstrated in various photonic, electrical and mechanical systems in the classical regime. Here we generalize the definition of PT symmetry to finite-dimensional open quantum systems, which are described by a Markovian master equation. Specifically, we show that the invariance of this master equation under a certain symmetry transformation implies the existence of stationary states with preserved and broken parity symmetry. As the dimension of the Hilbert space grows, the transition between these two limiting phases becomes increasingly sharp and the classically expected PT-symmetry breaking transition is recovered. This quantum-to-classical correspondence allows us to establish a common theoretical framework to identify and accurately describe PT-symmetry breaking effects in a large variety of physical systems, operated both in the classical and quantum regimes.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Asymptotic States of Accelerated Qubits with Nonzero Background Temperature. (arXiv:2002.02020v4 [hep-th] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2020-05-29 14:52

The study of the Unruh effect naturally raises the interest for a deeper understanding of the analogy between temperature and acceleration. A recurring question is whether an accelerated frame can be distinguished from an inertial thermal bath in pure thermodynamic experiments, such problem has been approached in the literature and a consensus is yet to be fully reached. In the present work we use the open quantum system formalism to investigate the case where both acceleration and background temperature are present. We find the asymptotic state density and entanglement generation from the Markovian evolution of accelerated qubits interacting with a thermal state of the external scalar field. Our results suggest that there is a very small asymmetry on the effects of the Unruh and background temperatures. Addressing the nonzero background temperature case is of both theoretical and phenomenological interest, thus the authors hope to enrich the existing discussions on the topic.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantum computation of molecular response properties. (arXiv:2001.03406v3 [physics.chem-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2020-05-29 14:52

Accurately predicting response properties of molecules such as the dynamic polarizability and hyperpolarizability using quantum mechanics has been a long-standing challenge with widespread applications in material and drug design. Classical simulation techniques in quantum chemistry are hampered by the exponential growth of the many-electron Hilbert space as the system size increases. Building upon the quantum linear system algorithm [Harrow et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 150502 (2009)], we describe an algorithm for computing molecular response functions in the frequency domain on quantum computers, which scales polynomially in the system size instead of the dimension of the exponentially large Hilbert space, and hence achieves an exponential speedup over existing classical algorithms. Moreover, the variational hybrid quantum-classical variant of the proposed algorithm can be readily applied on near-term quantum devices.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Non-equilibrium steady-states of memoryless quantum collision models. (arXiv:2001.01723v3 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2020-05-29 14:52

We investigate the steady state properties arising from the open system dynamics described by a memoryless (Markovian) quantum collision model, corresponding to a master equation in the ultra-strong coupling regime. By carefully assessing the work cost of switching on and off the system-environment interaction, we show that only a coupling Hamiltonian in the energy-preserving form drives the system to thermal equilibrium, while any other interaction leads to non-equilibrium steady states that are supported by steady-state currents. These currents provide a neat exemplification of the housekeeping work and heat. Furthermore, we characterize the specific form of system-environment interaction that drives the system to a steady-state exhibiting coherence in the energy eigenbasis, thus, giving rise to families of states that are non-passive.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Contextuality and Noncontextuality Measures and Generalized Bell Inequalities for Cyclic Systems. (arXiv:1907.03328v8 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2020-05-29 14:52

Cyclic systems of dichotomous random variables have played a prominent role in contextuality research, describing such experimental paradigms as the Klyachko-Can-Binicoglu-Shumovky, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bell, and Leggett-Garg ones in physics, as well as conjoint binary choices in human decision making. Here, we understand contextuality within the framework of the Contextuality-by-Default (CbD) theory, based on the notion of probabilistic couplings satisfying certain constraints. CbD allows us to drop the commonly made assumption that systems of random variables are consistently connected. Consistently connected systems constitute a special case in which CbD essentially reduces to the conventional understanding of contextuality. We present a theoretical analysis of the degree of contextuality in cyclic systems (if they are contextual) and the degree of noncontextuality in them (if they are not). By contrast, all previously proposed measures of contextuality are confined to consistently connected systems, and most of them cannot be extended to measures of noncontextuality. Our measures of (non)contextuality are defined by the L_{1}-distance between a point representing a cyclic system and the surface of the polytope representing all possible noncontextual cyclic systems with the same single-variable marginals. We completely characterize this polytope, as well as the polytope of all possible probabilistic couplings for cyclic systems with given single-variable marginals.[...]

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantum interface between light and a one-dimensional atomic system

Author(s): V. A. Pivovarov, A. S. Sheremet, L. V. Gerasimov, J. Laurat, and D. V. Kupriyanov

We investigate optimal conditions for the quantum interface between a signal photon pulse and one-dimensional chain consisting of a varied number of atoms. The tested object is physically designed as an atomic array of tripod-type atoms confined with a nanoscale dielectric waveguide and experiencing...

[Phys. Rev. A 101, 053858] Published Fri May 29, 2020

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Giant, low-loss magnetic responses and ultraslow magnetic solitons via plasmon-induced transparency

Author(s): Yibin Xu, Zhengyang Bai, and Guoxiang Huang

The realization of advanced materials with strong, low-loss, and pure magnetic responses to radiation fields both in linear and nonlinear regimes is an important and long-standing goal for fundamental physics and practical applications. Here, we propose a physical scheme for obtaining such responses...

[Phys. Rev. A 101, 053859] Published Fri May 29, 2020

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Integrated induced-coherence spectroscopy in a single nonlinear waveguide

Author(s): Pawan Kumar, Sina Saravi, Thomas Pertsch, and Frank Setzpfandt

We present a generalized understanding of the induced-coherence (IC) effect, aiming to find new strategies for engineering and optimizing the IC response of nonlinear systems. We establish that sensing the cross density of states (CDOS) of the field lies at the core of IC and that it is the spatial ...

[Phys. Rev. A 101, 053860] Published Fri May 29, 2020

Categories: Journals, Physics