## Journals

### Bounding the Classical Capacity of Multilevel Damping Quantum Channels. (arXiv:2001.06486v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 49 sec ago

We apply a recent method to detect lower bounds to the classical capacity of quantum communication channels for general damping channels in finite dimension d>2. The method compares the mutual information obtained by coding on the computational and a Fourier basis, which can be obtained by just two local measurement settings and classical optimization. We present the results for large representative classes of different damping structures for high-dimensional quantum systems.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Renormalization to localization without a small parameter. (arXiv:2001.06493v1 [cond-mat.dis-nn])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 49 sec ago

We study the wave function localization properties in a d-dimensional model of randomly spaced particles with isotropic hopping potential depending solely on Euclidean interparticle distances. Due to the generality of this model usually called the Euclidean random matrix model, it arises naturally in various physical contexts such as studies of vibrational modes, artificial atomic systems, liquids and glasses, ultracold gases and photon localization phenomena. We generalize the known Burin-Levitov renormalization group approach, formulate universal conditions sufficient for localization in such models and inspect a striking equivalence of the wave function spatial decay between Euclidean random matrices and translation-invariant long-range lattice models with a diagonal disorder.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Variational-Correlations Approach to Quantum Many-body Problems. (arXiv:2001.06510v1 [cond-mat.str-el])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 49 sec ago

We investigate an approach for studying the ground state of a quantum many-body Hamiltonian that is based on treating the correlation functions as variational parameters. In this approach, the challenge set by the exponentially-large Hilbert space is circumvented by approximating the positivity of the density matrix, order-by-order, in a way that keeps track of a limited set of correlation functions. In particular, the density-matrix description is replaced by a correlation matrix whose dimension is kept linear in system size, to all orders of the approximation. Unlike the conventional variational principle which provides an upper bound on the ground-state energy, in this approach one obtains a lower bound instead. By treating several one-dimensional spin $1/2$ Hamiltonians, we demonstrate the ability of this approach to produce long-range correlations, and a ground-state energy that converges to the exact result. Possible extensions, including to higher-excited states are discussed.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Emergence of Topologically Non-trivial Spin-polarized States in a Segmented Linear Chain. (arXiv:2001.06565v1 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 49 sec ago

The synthesis of new materials with novel or useful properties is one of the most important drivers in the fields of condensed matter physics and materials science. Discoveries of this kind are especially significant when they point to promising future basic research and applications. Van der Waals bonded materials comprised of lower-dimensional building blocks have been shown to exhibit emergent properties when isolated in an atomically thin form1-8. Here, we report the discovery of a transition metal chalcogenide in a heretofore unknown segmented linear chain form, where basic building blocks each consisting of two hafnium atoms and nine tellurium atoms (Hf2Te9) are van der Waals bonded end-to-end. First-principle calculations based on density functional theory reveal striking crystal-symmetry-related features in the electronic structure of the segmented chain, including giant spin splitting and nontrivial topological phases of selected energy band states. Atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals single segmented Hf2Te9 chains isolated within the hollow cores of carbon nanotubes, with a structure consistent with theoretical predictions. Van der Waals-bonded segmented linear chain transition metal chalcogenide materials could open up new opportunities in low-dimensional, gate-tunable, magnetic and topological crystalline systems.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Subdivided Phase Oracle for NISQ Search Algorithms. (arXiv:2001.06575v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 49 sec ago

Because noisy, intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) machines accumulate errors quickly, we need new approaches to designing NISQ-aware algorithms and assessing their performance. Algorithms with characteristics that appear less desirable under ideal circumstances, such as lower success probability, may in fact outperform their ideal counterparts on existing hardware. We propose an adaptation of Grover's algorithm, subdividing the phase flip into segments to replace a digital counter and complex phase flip decision logic. We applied this approach to obtaining the best solution of the MAX-CUT problem in sparse graphs, utilizing multi-control, Toffoli-like gates with residual phase shifts. We implemented this algorithm on IBM Q processors and succeeded in solving a 5-node MAX-CUT problem, demonstrating amplitude amplification on four qubits. This approach will be useful for a range of problems, and may shorten the time to reaching quantum advantage.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### A Scalable Decoder Micro-architecture for Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing. (arXiv:2001.06598v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 49 sec ago

Quantum computation promises significant computational advantages over classical computation for some problems. However, quantum hardware suffers from much higher error rates than in classical hardware. As a result, extensive quantum error correction is required to execute a useful quantum algorithm. The decoder is a key component of the error correction scheme whose role is to identify errors faster than they accumulate in the quantum computer and that must be implemented with minimum hardware resources in order to scale to the regime of practical applications. In this work, we consider surface code error correction, which is the most popular family of error correcting codes for quantum computing, and we design a decoder micro-architecture for the Union-Find decoding algorithm. We propose a three-stage fully pipelined hardware implementation of the decoder that significantly speeds up the decoder. Then, we optimize the amount of decoding hardware required to perform error correction simultaneously over all the logical qubits of the quantum computer. By sharing resources between logical qubits, we obtain a 67% reduction of the number of hardware units and the memory capacity is reduced by 70%. Moreover, we reduce the bandwidth required for the decoding process by a factor at least 30x using low-overhead compression algorithms. Finally, we provide numerical evidence that our optimized micro-architecture can be executed fast enough to correct errors in a quantum computer.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Effects of Kerr medium in coupled cavities on quantum state transfer. (arXiv:2001.06608v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 50 sec ago

We study the effect of Kerr type nonlinear medium in quantum state transfer. We have investigated the effect of different coupling schemes and Kerr medium parameters $p$ and $\omega_{{K}}$. We found that, the Kerr medium introduced in the connection channel can act like a controller for quantum state transfer. The numerical simulations are performed without taking the adiabatic approximation. Rotating wave approximation is used in the atom-cavity interaction only in the lower coupling regime.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Control of single quantum emitters in bio-inspired aperiodic nano-photonic devices. (arXiv:2001.06723v1 [physics.optics])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 50 sec ago

Enhancing light-matter interactions on a chip is of paramount importance to study nano- and quantum optics effects and to realise integrated devices, for instance, for classical and quantum photonics, sensing and energy harvesting applications. Engineered nano-devices enable the efficient confinement of light and the control of the spontaneous emission dynamics of single emitters, which is crucial for cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments and for the development of classical and quantum light sources. Here, we report on the demonstration of enhanced light-matter interaction and Purcell effects on a chip, based on bio-inspired aperiodic devices fabricated in silicon nitride and gallium arsenide. Internal light sources, namely optically-active defect centers in silicon nitride and indium arsenide single quantum dots, are used to image and characterize, by means of micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy, the individual optical modes confined by photonic membranes with Vogel-spiral geometry. By studying the statistics of the measured optical resonances, in partnership with rigorous multiple scattering theory, we observe log-normal distributions and report quality factors with values as high as 2201+/-443. Building on the strong light confinement achieved in this novel platform, we further investigate the coupling of single semiconductor quantum dots to the confined optical modes. Our results show cavity quantum electrodynamics effects providing strong modifications of the spontaneous emission decay of single optical transitions: we show control of the decay lifetime of single emitters with a dynamic range reaching 20. Our findings improve the understanding of the fundamental physical properties of light-emitting Vogel-spiral systems, show their application to quantum photonic devices, and form the basis for the further development of classical and quantum active devices on a chip.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Nonstationary deformed singular oscillator: quantum invariants and the factorization method. (arXiv:2001.06764v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 50 sec ago

New families of time-dependent potentials related with the stationary singular oscillator are introduced. This is achieved after noticing that a non stationary quantum invariant can be constructed for the singular oscillator. Such invariant depends on coefficients that are related to solutions of an Ermakov equation, the latter becomes essential since it guarantees the regularity of the solutions at each time. In this form, after applying the factorization method to the quantum invariant, rather than the Hamiltonian, one manages to introduce the time parameter into the transformation, leading to factorized operators which are the constants of motion of the new time-dependent potentials. Under the appropriate limit, the initial quantum invariant reduces to the stationary singular oscillator Hamiltonian, in such case, one recovers the families of potentials obtained through the conventional factorization method and previously reported in the literature. In addition, some special limits are discussed such that the singular barrier of the potential vanishes, leading to non-singular time-dependent potentials.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Experimental characterization of spin 3/2 silicon-vacancy centers in 6H-SiC. (arXiv:2001.06842v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 50 sec ago

Silicon carbide (SiC) hosts many interesting defects that can potentially serve as qubits for a range of advanced quantum technologies. Some of them have very interesting properties, making them potentially useful, e.g. as interfaces between stationary and flying qubits. Here we present a detailed overview of the relevant properties of the spins in silicon vacancies of the 6H-SiC polytype. This includes the temperature-dependent photoluminescence, optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and the relaxation times of the longitudinal and transverse components of the spins, during free precession as well as under the influence of different refocusing schemes.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Context-Sensitive and Duration-Aware Qubit Mapping for Various NISQ Devices. (arXiv:2001.06887v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 50 sec ago

Quantum computing (QC) technologies have reached a second renaissance in the last decade. Some fully programmable QC devices have been built based on superconducting or ion trap technologies. Although different quantum technologies have their own parameter indicators, QC devices in the NISQ era share common features and challenges such as limited qubits and connectivity, short coherence time and high gate error rates. Quantum programs written by programmers could hardly run on real hardware directly since two-qubit gates are usually allowed on few pairs of qubits. Therefore, quantum computing compilers must resolve the mapping problem and transform original programs to fit the hardware limitation. To address the issues mentioned above, we summarize different quantum technologies and abstractly define Quantum Abstract Machine (QAM); then propose a COntext-sensitive and Duration-Aware Remapping algorithm (Codar) based on the QAM. By introducing lock for each qubit, Codar is aware of gate duration difference and program context, which bring it abilities to extract more program's parallelism and reduce program execution time. Compared to the best-known algorithm, Codar halves the total execution time of several quantum algorithms and cut down 17.5% - 19.4% total execution time on average in different architectures.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Deterministic control of photonic de Broglie waves using coherence optics: Coherence de Broglie waves. (arXiv:2001.06913v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 50 sec ago

In quantum mechanics, photonic de Broglie waves have been understood as a unique property of quantum mechanics satisfying the complementarity between particle and wave natures of light, where the photonic de Broglie wavelength is inversely proportional to the number of entangled photons acting on a beam splitter. Very recently, the heart of nonclassical feature of photon bunching on a beam splitter was newly interpreted using pure wave nature of coherence optics [arXiv:1911.07174v2], paving a way to coherence-based quantum information [arXiv:1807.04233v3]. Here, Mach-Zehnder interferometer-based deterministic photonic de Broglie waves are studied in a coherence regime for both fundamental physics and potential applications of coherence-quantum metrology.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Test of the unitary coupled-cluster variational quantum eigensolver for a simple strongly correlated condensed-matter system. (arXiv:2001.06957v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 50 sec ago

The variational quantum eigensolver has been proposed as a low-depth quantum circuit that can be employed to examine strongly correlated systems on today's noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. We examine details associated with the factorized form of the unitary coupled-cluster variant of this algorithm. We apply it to a simple strongly correlated condensed-matter system with nontrivial behavior---the four-site Hubbard model at half filling. This work show some of the subtle issues one needs to take into account when applying this algorithm in practice, especially to condensed-matter systems.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Spin current generation and control in carbon nanotubes by combining rotation and magnetic field. (arXiv:2001.07024v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 50 sec ago

We study the quantum dynamics of ballistic electrons in rotating carbon nanotubes in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. When the field is parallel to the nanotube axis, the rotation-induced electric field brings about the spin-orbit interaction which, together with the kinetic, inertial, and Zeeman terms, compose the Schr\"odinger-Pauli Hamiltonian of the system. Full diagonalization of this Hamiltonian yields the eigenstates and eigenenergies leading to the calculation of the charge and spin currents. Our main result is the demonstration that, by suitably combining the applied magnetic field intensity and rotation speed, one can tune one of the currents to zero while keeping the other one finite, giving rise to a spin current generator.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Tripartite genuine non-gaussian entanglement in three-mode spontaneous parametric downconversion. (arXiv:2001.07050v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 50 sec ago

We show that the states generated by a three-mode spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) interaction Hamiltonian possess tripartite entanglement of a different nature to other paradigmatic three-mode entangled states generated by the combination of two-mode SPDCs interactions. While two-mode SPDC generates gaussian states whose entanglement can be characterized by standard criteria based on two-mode quantum correlations, these criteria fail to capture the entanglement generated by three-mode SPDC. We use criteria built from three-mode correlation functions to show that the class of states recently generated in a superconducting-circuit implementation of three-mode SPDC ideally have tripartite entanglement, contrary to recent claims in the literature. These criteria are suitable for triple SPDC but we show that they fail to detect tripartite entanglement in other states which are known to possess it, which illustrates the existence of two fundamentally different notions of tripartite entanglement in three-mode continuous variable systems.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Resonance scattering in a waveguide with identical thick barriers. (arXiv:2001.07060v1 [math-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 50 sec ago

We consider wave propagation across an infinite waveguide of an arbitrary bounded cross-section, whose interior is blocked by two identical thick barriers with holes. When the holes are small, the waves over a broad range of frequencies are almost fully reflected. However, we show the existence of a resonance frequency at which the wave is almost fully transmitted, even for very small holes. This resonance scattering, which is known as tunneling effect in quantum mechanics, is demonstrated in a constructive way by rather elementary tools, in contrast to commonly used abstract methods such as searching for complex-valued poles of the scattering matrix or non-stationary scattering theory. In particular, we derived an explicit equation that determines the resonance frequency. The employed elementary tools make the paper accessible to non-experts and educationally appealing.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### GHz-clocked teleportation of time-bin qubits with a telecom C-band quantum dot. (arXiv:2001.07073v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 50 sec ago

Teleportation is a fundamental concept of quantum mechanics with an important application in extending the range of quantum communication channels via quantum relay nodes. To be compatible with real-world technology such as secure quantum key distribution over fibre networks, such a relay node must operate at GHz clock rates and accept time-bin encoded qubits in the low-loss telecom band around 1550 nm. Here, we show that InAs/InP droplet epitaxy quantum dots with their sub-Poissonian emission near 1550 nm are ideally suited for the realisation of this technology. To create the necessary on-demand photon emission at GHz clock rates, we develop a flexible pulsed optical excitation scheme, and demonstrate that the fast driving conditions are compatible with a low multiphoton emission rate. We show further that, even under these driving conditions, photon pairs obtained from the biexciton cascade show an entanglement fidelity close to 90\%, comparable to the value obtained under cw excitation. Using asymetric Mach Zehnder interferometers and our photon source, we finally construct a time-bin qubit quantum relay able to receive and send time-bin encoded photons, and demonstrate mean teleportation fidelities of $0.82\pm0.01$, exceeding the classical limit by nearly 10 standard deviations.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Skin Superfluid, Topological Mott Insulators, and Asymmetric Dynamics in Interacting Non-Hermitian Aubry-Andre-Harper Models. (arXiv:2001.07088v1 [cond-mat.quant-gas])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 50 sec ago

Non-Hermitian quantum many-body systems are a fascinating subject to be explored. Using the generalized density matrix renormalisation group method and complementary exact diagonalization, we elucidate the many-body ground states and dynamics of a 1D interacting non-Hermitian Aubry-Andre-Harper model for bosons. We find stable ground states in the superfluid and Mott insulating regimes under wide range of conditions in this model. We reveal a skin superfluid state induced by the non-Hermiticity from the nonreciprocal hopping. We investigate the topology of the Mott insulating phase and find its independence of the non-Hermiticity. The topological Mott insulators in this non-Hermitian system are characterized by four equal Chern numbers and a quantized shift of biorthogonal many-body polarizations. Furthermore, we show generic asymmetric expansion and correlation dynamics in the system.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Symmetries and entanglement of stabilizer states. (arXiv:2001.07106v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 50 sec ago

Stabilizer states constitute a set of pure states which plays a dominant role in quantum error correction, measurement--based quantum computation, and quantum communication. Central in these applications are the local symmetries of these states. We characterize all local symmetries of arbitrary stabilizer states and provide an algorithm which determines them. We demonstrate the usefulness of these results by showing that the additional local symmetries find applications in entanglement theory and quantum error correction.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Accurate polarization preparation and measurement using liquid crystal displays. (arXiv:2001.07120v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - 8 min 50 sec ago

Generation of particular polarization states of light, encoding information in polarization degree of freedom, and efficient measurement of unknown polarization are the key tasks of many applications in optical metrology, optical communications, polarization-sensitive imaging, and photonic information processing. Liquid crystal devices have proved to be indispensable for these tasks, though their limited precision and the requirement of a custom design impose a limit of practical applicability. Here we report fast preparation and detection of polarization states with unprecedented accuracy using common twisted nematic liquid-crystal displays. To verify the performance of the device we use it to prepare dozens of polarization states with average fidelity 0.999(1) and average angle deviation 0.5(3) deg. Using four-projection minimum tomography as well as six-projection Pauli measurement, we measure polarization states employing the reported device with the average fidelity of 0.997(1). Polarization measurement data are processed by the maximum likelihood method to reach a valid estimate of the polarization state. In addition to the application in classical polarimetry, we also employ the reported liquid-crystal device for full tomographic characterization of a three-mode Greenberger--Horne--Zeilinger entangled state produced by a photonic quantum processor.

Categories: Journals, Physics