## Physics

### Generating maximally-path-entangled number states in two spin ensembles coupled to a superconducting flux qubit

PRA: Quantum information - Tue, 2018-01-16 11:00

Author(s): Yusef Maleki and Aleksei M. Zheltikov

An ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers coupled to a circuit QED device is shown to enable an efficient, high-fidelity generation of high-N00N states. Instead of first creating entanglement and then increasing the number of entangled particles N, our source of high-N00N states first prepares a ...

[Phys. Rev. A 97, 012312] Published Tue Jan 16, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### One-sided measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution

PRA: Quantum information - Tue, 2018-01-16 11:00

Author(s): Wen-Fei Cao, Yi-Zheng Zhen, Yu-Lin Zheng, Li Li, Zeng-Bing Chen, Nai-Le Liu, and Kai Chen

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol was proposed to remove all the detector side channel attacks, while its security relies on the trusted encoding systems. Here we propose a one-sided MDI-QKD (1SMDI-QKD) protocol, which enjoys detection loophole-free advantage...

[Phys. Rev. A 97, 012313] Published Tue Jan 16, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Device-independent certification of two bits of randomness from one entangled bit and Gisin's elegant Bell inequality

PRA: Quantum information - Tue, 2018-01-16 11:00

We prove that as conjectured by Acín et al. [Phys. Rev. A 93, 040102(R) (2016)], two bits of randomness can be certified in a device-independent way from one bit of entanglement using the maximal quantum violation of Gisin's elegant Bell inequality. This suggests a surprising connection between maxi...

[Phys. Rev. A 97, 012314] Published Tue Jan 16, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Beating the classical limits of information transmission using a quantum decoder

PRA: Quantum information - Tue, 2018-01-16 11:00

Author(s): Robert J. Chapman, Akib Karim, Zixin Huang, Steven T. Flammia, Marco Tomamichel, and Alberto Peruzzo

Encoding schemes and error-correcting codes are widely used in information technology to improve the reliability of data transmission over real-world communication channels. Quantum information protocols can further enhance the performance in data transmission by encoding a message in quantum states...

[Phys. Rev. A 97, 012315] Published Tue Jan 16, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Emergence of entanglement with temperature and time in factorization-surface states

PRA: Quantum information - Tue, 2018-01-16 11:00

Author(s): Titas Chanda, Tamoghna Das, Debasis Sadhukhan, Amit Kumar Pal, Aditi Sen(De), and Ujjwal Sen

There exist zero-temperature states in quantum many-body systems that are fully factorized, thereby possessing vanishing entanglement, and hence being of no use as resource in quantum information processing tasks. Such states can become useful for quantum protocols when the temperature of the system...

[Phys. Rev. A 97, 012316] Published Tue Jan 16, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Passive state preparation in the Gaussian-modulated coherent-states quantum key distribution

PRA: Quantum information - Tue, 2018-01-16 11:00

Author(s): Bing Qi, Philip G. Evans, and Warren P. Grice

In the Gaussian-modulated coherent-states (GMCS) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, Alice prepares quantum states actively: For each transmission, Alice generates a pair of Gaussian-distributed random numbers, encodes them on a weak coherent pulse using optical amplitude and phase modulators, ...

[Phys. Rev. A 97, 012317] Published Tue Jan 16, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Measurement-free implementations of small-scale surface codes for quantum-dot qubits

PRA: Quantum information - Tue, 2018-01-16 11:00

Author(s): H. Ekmel Ercan, Joydip Ghosh, Daniel Crow, Vickram N. Premakumar, Robert Joynt, Mark Friesen, and S. N. Coppersmith

The performance of quantum-error-correction schemes depends sensitively on the physical realizations of the qubits and the implementations of various operations. For example, in quantum-dot spin qubits, readout is typically much slower than gate operations, and conventional surface-code implementati...

[Phys. Rev. A 97, 012318] Published Tue Jan 16, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### High resource of azimuthal entanglement in terms of Cartesian variables of noncollinear biphotons

PRA: Quantum information - Tue, 2018-01-16 11:00

Author(s): M. V. Fedorov

Single-particle and coincidence distributions of photons are analyzed for the noncollinear frequency-degenerate type-I regime of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Noncollinearity itself is shown to provide a new mechanism of strong broadening of the single-particle distributions in Cartesian c...

[Phys. Rev. A 97, 012319] Published Tue Jan 16, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Optimal entangling operations between deterministic blocks of qubits encoded into single photons

PRA: Quantum information - Tue, 2018-01-16 11:00

Author(s): Jake A. Smith and Lev Kaplan

Here, we numerically simulate probabilistic elementary entangling operations between rail-encoded photons for the purpose of scalable universal quantum computation or communication. We propose grouping logical qubits into single-photon blocks wherein single-qubit rotations and the controlled-not (cn...

[Phys. Rev. A 97, 012320] Published Tue Jan 16, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Irradiated three-dimensional Luttinger semimetal: A factory for engineering Weyl semimetals. (arXiv:1801.04287v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-01-16 04:04

We study the interaction between elliptically polarized light and a three-dimensional Luttinger semimetal with quadratic band touching using Floquet theory. In the absence of light, the touching bands can have the same or the opposite signs of the curvature; in each case, we show that simply tuning the light parameters allows us to create a zoo of Weyl semimetallic phases. In particular, we find that double and single Weyl points can coexist at different energies, and they can be tuned to be type I or type II. We also find an unusual phase transition, in which a pair of Weyl nodes form at finite momentum and disappear off to infinity. Considering the broad tunability of light and abundance of materials described by the Luttinger Hamiltonian, such as certain pyrochlore iridates, half-Heuslers and zinc-blende semiconductors, we believe this work can lay the foundation for creating Weyl semimetals in the lab and dynamically tuning between them.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Controlled-Z gate for transmon qubits coupled by semiconductor junctions. (arXiv:1801.04291v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-01-16 04:04

We analyze the coupling of two qubits via an epitaxial semiconducting junction. In particular, we consider three configurations that include pairs of transmons or gatemons as well as gatemon-like two qubits formed by an epitaxial four-terminal junction. These three configurations provide an electrical control of the interaction between the qubits by applying voltage to a metallic gate near the semiconductor junction and can be utilized to naturally realize a controlled-Z gate (CZ). We calculate the fidelity and timing for such CZ gate. We demonstrate that in the absence of decoherence, the CZ gate can be performed under $50\ {\rm ns}$ with gate error below $10^{-4}$.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Evolution-Time Dependence in Near-Adiabatic Quantum Evolutions. (arXiv:1801.04349v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-01-16 04:04

We expand upon the standard quantum adiabatic theorem, examining the time-dependence of quantum evolution in the near-adiabatic limit. We examine a Hamiltonian that evolves along some fixed trajectory from $\hat{H}_0$ to $\hat{H}_1$ in a total evolution-time $\tau$, and our goal is to determine how the final state of the system depends on $\tau$. If the system is initialized in a non-degenerate ground state, the adiabatic theorem says that in the limit of large $\tau$, the system will stay in the ground state. We examine the near-adiabatic limit where the system evolves slowly enough that most but not all of the final state is in the ground state, and we find that the probability of leaving the ground state oscillates in $\tau$ with a frequency determined by the integral of the spectral gap along the trajectory of the Hamiltonian, so long as the gap is big. If the gap becomes exceedingly small, the final probability is the sum of oscillatory behavior determined by the integrals of the gap before and after the small gap. We confirm these analytic predictions with numerical evidence from barrier tunneling problems in the context of quantum adiabatic optimization.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### An experimental investigation of measurement-induced disturbance and time symmetry in quantum physics. (arXiv:1801.04362v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-01-16 04:04

Unlike regular time evolution governed by the Schr\"odinger equation, standard quantum measurement appears to violate time-reversal symmetry. Measurement creates random disturbances (e.g., collapse) that prevents back-tracing the quantum state of the system. The effect of these disturbances is explicit in the results of subsequent measurements. In this way, the joint result of sequences of measurements depends on the order in time in which those measurements are performed. One might expect that if the disturbance could be eliminated this time-ordering dependence would vanish. Following a recent theoretical proposal [A. Bednorz et al 2013 New J. Phys. 15 023043], we experimentally investigate this dependence for a kind of measurement that creates an arbitrarily small disturbance, weak measurement. We perform various sequences of a set of polarization weak measurements on photons. We experimentally demonstrate that, although the weak measurements are minimally disturbing, their time-ordering affects the outcome of the measurement sequence for quantum systems.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Time reversal symmetry of generalized quantum measurements with past and future boundary conditions. (arXiv:1801.04364v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-01-16 04:04

We expand the time reversal symmetry arguments of quantum mechanics, originally proposed by Wigner in the context of unitary dynamics, to contain situations including generalized measurements for monitored quantum systems. We propose a scheme to derive the time reversed measurement operators by considering the Schr\"{o}dinger picture dynamics of a qubit coupled to a measuring device, and show that the time reversed measurement operators form a Positive Operator Valued Measure (POVM) set. We propose a general rule to reverse any rank two qubit measurement, and show that the time reversed dynamics obeys the retrodicted equations of the forward dynamics starting from the time reversed final state. We present three particular examples to illustrate time reversal of measurements: (1) the Gaussian spin measurement, (2) a dichotomous POVM for spin, and (3) the measurement of qubit fluorescence. We demonstrate the time reversal invariance of dynamical equations using the example of qubit fluorescence. We also generalize the discussion of a statistical arrow of time for continuous quantum measurements introduced by Dressel et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 220507 (2017)]: we show that the backward probabilities can be computed from a process similar to retrodiction from the time reversed final state, and extend the definition of an arrow of time to ensembles prepared with pre- and post-selections, where we obtain a non-vanishing arrow of time in general. We discuss sufficient conditions for when time's arrow vanishes and show our method also captures the contributions to time's arrow due to natural physical processes like relaxation of an atom to its ground state. As a special case, we recover the time reversibility of the weak value as its complex conjugate using our method, and discuss how our conclusions differ from the time-symmetry argument of Aharonov-Bergmann-Lebowitz (ABL) rule.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### General framework for constructing fast and near-optimal machine-learning-based decoder of the topological stabilizer codes. (arXiv:1801.04377v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-01-16 04:04

Quantum error correction is an essential technique for constructing a scalable quantum computer. In order to implement quantum error correction with near-term quantum devices, a fast and near-optimal decoding method is demanded. A decoder based on machine learning is considered as one of the most viable solutions for this purpose, since its prediction is fast once training has been done, and it is applicable to any quantum error correcting codes and any noise models. So far, various formulations of the decoding problem as the task of machine learning has been proposed. Here, we discuss general constructions of machine-learning-based decoders. We found several conditions to achieve near-optimal performance, and proposed a criterion which should be optimized when a size of training data set is limited. We also discuss preferable constructions of neural networks, and proposed a decoder using spatial structures of topological codes using a convolutional neural network. We numerically show that our method can improve the performance of machine-learning-based decoders in various topological codes and noise models.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Efficient optimization of state preparation in quantum networks using quantum trajectories. (arXiv:1801.04382v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-01-16 04:04

The wave-function Monte-Carlo method, also referred to as the use of "quantum-jump trajectories", allows efficient simulation of open systems by independently tracking the evolution of many pure-state "trajectories". This method is ideally suited to simulation by modern, highly parallel computers. Here we show that Krotov's method of numerical optimal control, unlike others, can be modified in a simple way, so that it becomes fully parallel in the pure states without losing its effectiveness. This provides a highly efficient method for finding optimal control protocols for open quantum systems and networks. We apply this method to the problem of generating entangled states in a network consisting of systems coupled in a unidirectional chain. We show that due to the existence of a dark-state subspace in the network, nearly-optimal control protocols can be found for this problem by using only a single pure-state trajectory in the optimization, further increasing the efficiency.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Social Advantage with Mixed Entangled States. (arXiv:1801.04403v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-01-16 04:04

It has been extensively shown in past literature that Bayesian Game Theory and Quantum Non-locality have strong ties between them. Pure Entangled States have been used, in both common and conflict interest games, to gain advantageous payoffs, both at the individual and social level. In this paper we construct a game for a Mixed Entangled State such that this state gives higher payoffs than classically possible, both at the individual level and the social level. Also, we use the I-3322 inequality so that states that aren't helpful as advice for Bell-CHSH inequality can also be used. Finally, the measurement setting we use is a Restricted Social Welfare Strategy (given this particular state).

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Non-Locality distillation in tripartite NLBs. (arXiv:1801.04413v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-01-16 04:04

In quantum mechanics some spatially separated sub-systems behave as if they are part of a single system, the superposition of states of this single system cannot be written as products of states of individual sub-systems,we say that the state of such system is entangled, such systems give rise to non-local correlations between outcomes of measurements. The non-local correlations are conditional probability distributions of some measurement outcomes given some measurement settings and cannot be explained by shared information.These correlations can be studied using a non-local box(NLB) which can be viewed as a quantum systema. A NLB is an abstract object which has number of inputs(measurement settings) and number of outputs(outcomes), such NLBs can be both quantum and super-quantum. The correlations are of use in quantum information theory, the stronger the correlations the more useful they are, hence we study protocols that have multiple weaker non-local systems, application of these protocols to weaker systems may result in stronger non-local correlations, we call such protocols non-locality distillation protocols. In our work here we present non-locality distillation protocols for tripartite NLBs specifically GHZ box and class 44,45 and 46 of no-signalling polytope.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Satellite-relayed intercontinental quantum network. (arXiv:1801.04418v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-01-16 04:04

We perform decoy-state quantum key distribution between a low-Earth-orbit satellite and multiple ground stations located in Xinglong, Nanshan, and Graz, which establish satellite-to-ground secure keys with ~kHz rate per passage of the satellite Micius over a ground station. The satellite thus establishes a secure key between itself and, say, Xinglong, and another key between itself and, say, Graz. Then, upon request from the ground command, Micius acts as a trusted relay. It performs bitwise exclusive OR operations between the two keys and relays the result to one of the ground stations. That way, a secret key is created between China and Europe at locations separated by 7600 km on Earth. These keys are then used for intercontinental quantum-secured communication. This was on the one hand the transmission of images in a one-time pad configuration from China to Austria as well as from Austria to China. Also, a videoconference was performed between the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which also included a 280 km optical ground connection between Xinglong and Beijing. Our work points towards an efficient solution for an ultralong-distance global quantum network, laying the groundwork for a future quantum internet.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Emission and Absorption Spectrum of Pulse-Driven Two-Level Systems in Dynamic Environments. (arXiv:1801.04442v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-01-16 04:04

We study the emission spectrum and absorption spectrum of a quantum emitter when it is driven by various pulse sequences. We consider the Uhrig sequence of $\pi_x$ pulses, the periodic sequence of $\pi_x\pi_y$ pulses and the periodic sequence of $\pi_z$ pulses (phase kicks). We find that, similar to the periodic sequence of $\pi_x$ pulses, the Uhrig sequence of $\pi_x$ pulses has emission and absorption that are, with small variations, analogous to those of the resonance fluorescence spectrum. In addition, while the periodic sequence of $\pi_z$ pulses produces a spectrum that is dependent on the detuning between the emitter and the pulse carrier frequency, the Uhrig sequence of nonequidistant $\pi_x$ pulses and the periodic sequence of $\pi_x\pi_y$ pulses have spectra with little dependence on the detuning as long as it stays moderate along with the number of pulses. This implies that they can also, similar to previously studied periodic sequence of $\pi_x$ pulses, be used to tune the emission or absorption of quantum emitters to specific frequencies, to mitigate inhomogeneous broadening and to enhance the production of indistinguishable photons from emitters the solid state.

Categories: Journals, Physics