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Experimental study on all-fiber-based unidimensional continuous-variable quantum key distribution

PRA: Quantum information - 6 hours 55 min ago

Author(s): Xuyang Wang, Wenyuan Liu, Pu Wang, and Yongmin Li

We experimentally demonstrated an all-fiber-based unidimensional continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV QKD) protocol and analyzed its security under collective attack in realistic conditions. A pulsed balanced homodyne detector, which could not be accessed by eavesdroppers, with phase-ins...

[Phys. Rev. A 95, 062330] Published Mon Jun 26, 2017

Categories: Journals, Physics

Genuine N-partite entanglement without N-partite correlation functions

PRA: Quantum information - 6 hours 55 min ago

Author(s): Minh Cong Tran, Margherita Zuppardo, Anna de Rosier, Lukas Knips, Wiesław Laskowski, Tomasz Paterek, and Harald Weinfurter

A generalized and thorough investigation of entanglement without correlations is presented. The study sheds light on the different properties of systems composed of an even or odd number of qubits, and might help to construct computable measures of multipartite correlation.

[Phys. Rev. A 95, 062331] Published Mon Jun 26, 2017

Categories: Journals, Physics

Construction of optimal resources for concatenated quantum protocols

PRA: Quantum information - 6 hours 55 min ago

Author(s): A. Pirker, J. Wallnöfer, H. J. Briegel, and W. Dür

We consider the explicit construction of resource states for measurement-based quantum information processing. We concentrate on special-purpose resource states that are capable to perform a certain operation or task, where we consider unitary Clifford circuits as well as non-trace-preserving comple...

[Phys. Rev. A 95, 062332] Published Mon Jun 26, 2017

Categories: Journals, Physics

Quantum key distribution protocol based on contextuality monogamy

PRA: Quantum information - 6 hours 55 min ago

Author(s): Jaskaran Singh, Kishor Bharti, and Arvind

The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols hinges upon features of physical systems that are uniquely quantum in nature. We explore the role of quantumness, as qualified by quantum contextuality, in a QKD scheme. A QKD protocol based on the Klyachko-Can-Binicioğlu-Shumovsky (KCBS) cont...

[Phys. Rev. A 95, 062333] Published Mon Jun 26, 2017

Categories: Journals, Physics

Quantum money with nearly optimal error tolerance

PRA: Quantum information - 6 hours 55 min ago

Author(s): Ryan Amiri and Juan Miguel Arrazola

We present a family of quantum money schemes with classical verification which display a number of benefits over previous proposals. Our schemes are based on hidden matching quantum retrieval games and they tolerate noise up to 23%, which we conjecture reaches 25% asymptotically as the dimension of ...

[Phys. Rev. A 95, 062334] Published Mon Jun 26, 2017

Categories: Journals, Physics

Liouville Action as Path-Integral Complexity: From Continuous Tensor Networks to AdS/CFT. (arXiv:1706.07056v1 [hep-th])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Sat, 2017-06-24 00:45

We propose an optimization procedure for Euclidean path-integrals that evaluate CFT wave functionals in arbitrary dimensions. The optimization is performed by minimizing certain functional, which can be interpreted as a measure of computational complexity, with respect to background metrics for the path-integrals. In two dimensional CFTs, this functional is given by the Liouville action. We also formulate the optimization for higher dimensional CFTs and, in various examples, find that the optimized hyperbolic metrics coincide with the time slices of expected gravity duals. Moreover, if we optimize a reduced density matrix, the geometry becomes two copies of the entanglement wedge and reproduces the holographic entanglement entropy. Our approach resembles a continuous tensor network renormalization and provides a concrete realization of the proposed interpretation of AdS/CFT as tensor networks. The present paper is an extended version of our earlier report arXiv:1703.00456 and includes many new results such as evaluations of complexity functionals, energy stress tensor, higher dimensional extensions and time evolutions of thermofield double states.

Categories: Journals, Physics

Driving-induced population trapping and linewidth narrowing via the quantum Zeno effect. (arXiv:1706.07069v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Sat, 2017-06-24 00:45

We investigate the suppression of spontaneous emission from a driven three-level system embedded in an optical cavity via a manifestation of the quantum Zeno effect. Strong resonant coupling of the lower two levels to an external optical field results in a decrease of the exponential decay rate of the third upper level. We show that this effect has observable consequences in the form of emission spectra with subnatural linewidths, which should be measurable using, for example, quantum dot--cavity systems in currently obtainable parameter regimes. These results constitute a novel method to control an inherently irreversible and dissipative process, and may be useful in applications requiring the control of single photon arrival times and wavepacket extent.

Categories: Journals, Physics

A Generalization of Non-Abelian Anyons in Three Dimensions. (arXiv:1706.07070v1 [cond-mat.str-el])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Sat, 2017-06-24 00:45

We introduce both an exactly solvable model and a coupled-layer construction for an exotic, three-dimensional phase of matter with immobile topological excitations that carry a protected internal degeneracy. Unitary transformations on this degenerate Hilbert space may be implemented by braiding certain point-like excitations. This provides a new way of extending non-Abelian statistics to three-dimensions.

Categories: Journals, Physics

Born's Rule for Arbitrary Cauchy Surfaces. (arXiv:1706.07074v1 [math-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Sat, 2017-06-24 00:45

Suppose that particle detectors are placed along a Cauchy surface $\Sigma$ in Minkowski space-time, and consider a quantum theory with fixed or variable number of particles (i.e., using Fock space or a subspace thereof). It is straightforward to guess what Born's rule should look like for this setting: The probability distribution of the detected configuration on $\Sigma$ has density $|\psi_\Sigma|^2$, where $\psi_\Sigma$ is a suitable wave function on $\Sigma$, and the operation $|\cdot|^2$ is suitably interpreted. We call this statement the "curved Born rule." Since in any one Lorentz frame, the appropriate measurement postulates referring to constant-$t$ hyperplanes should determine the probabilities of the outcomes of any conceivable experiment, they should also imply the curved Born rule. This is what we are concerned with here: deriving Born's rule for $\Sigma$ from Born's rule in one Lorentz frame (along with a collapse rule). We describe two ways of defining an idealized detection process, and prove for one of them that the probability distribution coincides with $|\psi_\Sigma|^2$. For this result, we need two hypotheses on the time evolution: that there is no interaction faster than light, and that there is no creation of particles from the Fock vacuum. The wave function $\psi_\Sigma$ can be obtained from the Tomonaga--Schwinger equation, or from a multi-time wave function by inserting configurations on $\Sigma$. Thus, our result establishes in particular how multi-time wave functions are related to detection probabilities.

Categories: Journals, Physics

The Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state for ultracold fermions in lattice and harmonic potentials. (arXiv:1706.07076v1 [cond-mat.quant-gas])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Sat, 2017-06-24 00:45

We review the concepts and the present state of theoretical studies of spin-imbalanced superfluidity, in particular the elusive Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state, in the context of ultracold quantum gases. The comprehensive presentation of the theoretical basis for the FFLO state that we provide is useful also for research on the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity in other physical systems. We focus on settings that have been predicted to be favourable for the FFLO state, such as optical lattices in various dimensions and spin-orbit coupled systems. These are also the most likely systems for near-future experimental observation of the FFLO state. Theoretical bounds, such as Bloch's and Luttinger's theorems, and experimentally important limitations, such as finite-size effects and trapping potentials, are considered. In addition, we provide a comprehensive review of the various ideas presented for the observation of the FFLO state. We conclude our review with an analysis of the open questions related to the FFLO state, such as its stability, superfluid density, collective modes and extending the FFLO superfluid concept to new types of lattice systems.

Categories: Journals, Physics

Universal controlled-phase gate with cat-state qubits in circuit QED. (arXiv:1706.07083v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Sat, 2017-06-24 00:45

Cat-state qubits (qubits encoded with cat states) have recently drawn intensive attention due to their long lifetimes. We here propose a method to implement a universal controlled-phase gate of two cat-state qubits, via two microwave resonators coupled to a superconducting transmon qutrit. During the gate operation, the qutrit remains in the ground state; thus decoherence from the qutrit is greatly suppressed. This proposal requires only two basic operations and neither classical pulse nor measurement is needed; therefore the gate realization is simple. Numerical simulations show that high-fidelity implementation of this gate is feasible with current circuit QED technology. The proposal is quite general and can be applied to implement the proposed gate with two microwave resonators or two optical cavities coupled to a single three-level natural or artificial atom.

Categories: Journals, Physics

Towards device-independent information processing on general quantum networks. (arXiv:1706.07090v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Sat, 2017-06-24 00:45

The violation of certain Bell inequalities allows for device-independent information processing secure against non-signalling eavesdroppers. However, this only holds for the Bell network, in which two or more agents perform local measurements on a single shared source of entanglement. To overcome the practical constraint that entangled systems can only be transmitted over relatively short distances, large-scale multi-source networks---in which entanglement is swapped between intermediate nodes---have been employed. Yet, to use Bell inequality violation to establish secure device-independent protocols between distant agents in such multi-source networks, the outcomes of intermediate entanglement swapping measurements must be post-selected---impeding the rate at which security can be established. Moreover, having multiple intermediate nodes in the network opens the door for generalised eavesdropping attacks not seen in the Bell network. Do there exist analogues of Bell inequalities for such multi-source networks whose violation is a resource for device-independent information processing without the need for post-selection? Recently, polynomial inequalities on the correlations classically achievable in multi-source networks have been derived. In this paper, the violation of these polynomial inequalities will be shown to allow for device-independent information processing without the need to condition on intermediate agents' outcomes. Moreover, their violation can prevent generalised eavesdropper attacks.

Categories: Journals, Physics

Entanglement Entropy with Background Gauge Fields. (arXiv:1706.07110v1 [hep-th])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Sat, 2017-06-24 00:45

We study the entanglement entropy, the R\'enyi entropy, and the mutual (R\'enyi) information of Dirac fermions on a 2 dimensional torus in the presence of constant gauge fields. We derive their general formulas using the equivalence between twisted boundary conditions and the background gauge fields. Novel and interesting physical consequences have been presented in arXiv:1705.01859. Here we provide detailed computations of the entropies and mutual information in a low temperature limit, a large radius limit, and a high temperature limit. The high temperature limit reveals rather different physical properties compared to those of the low temperature one: there exist two non-trivial limits that depend on a modulus parameter and are not smoothly connected.

Categories: Journals, Physics

Dissociation of one-dimensional matter-wave breathers due to quantum many-body effects. (arXiv:1706.07114v1 [cond-mat.quant-gas])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Sat, 2017-06-24 00:45

We demonstrate that dissociation of one-dimensional cold-atom breathers, created by a quench from a fundamental soliton, is a quantum many-body effect, as all mean-field (MF) contributions to the dissociation vanish due to the integrability of the underlying nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. The analysis predicts a possibility to observe quantum many-body effects without leaving the MF range of experimental parameters. In particular, the dissociation time on the order of a few seconds is expected for a typical atomic-soliton setting.

Categories: Journals, Physics

Test-driving 1000 qubits. (arXiv:1706.07124v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Sat, 2017-06-24 00:45

Quantum computing is no longer a nascent field. Programmable quantum annealing devices with more that 1000 qubits are commercially available. How does one know that a putative quantum annealing device is indeed quantum? How should one go about benchmarking its performance and compare it to classical algorithms? How can its performance be improved by error correction? In this contribution to the focus collection on "What would you do with 1000 qubits?", we review the work we and others have done in this area, since the first D-Wave quantum annealer with 108 qubits was made available to us. Some of the lessons we have learned will be useful when other quantum computing platforms reach a similar scale, and practitioners will attempt to demonstrate quantum speedup.

Categories: Journals, Physics

Blueprint for nanoscale NMR. (arXiv:1706.07134v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Sat, 2017-06-24 00:45

Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have been used as ultrasensitive magnetometers to perform nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of statistically polarized samples at 1 - 100 nm length scales. However, the spectral linewidth is typically limited to the kHz level, both by the NV sensor coherence time and by rapid molecular diffusion of the nuclei through the detection volume which in turn is critical for achieving long nuclear coherence times. Here we provide a blueprint for a set-up that combines a sensitivity sufficient for detecting NMR signals from nano- to micron-scale samples with a spectral resolution that is limited only by the nuclear spin coherence, i.e. comparable to conventional NMR. Our protocol detects the nuclear polarization induced along the direction of an external magnetic field with near surface NV centers using lock-in detection techniques to enable phase coherent signal averaging. Using NV centers in a dual role of NMR detector and optical hyperpolarization source to increase signal to noise, and in combination with Bayesian interference models for signal processing, nano/microscale NMR spectroscopy can be performed on sub-millimolar sample concentrations, several orders of magnitude better than the current state of the art.

Categories: Journals, Physics

Direct measurement of the quantum state of photons in a cavity. (arXiv:1706.07150v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Sat, 2017-06-24 00:45

We propose a scheme to measure the quantum state of photons in a cavity. The proposal is based on the concept of quantum weak values and applies equally well to both the solid-state circuit and atomic cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) systems. The proposed scheme allows us to access directly the superposition components in Fock state basis, rather than the Wigner function as usual in phase space. Moreover, the separate access feature held in the direct scheme does not require a global reconstruction for the quantum state, which provides a particular advantage beyond the conventional method of quantum state tomography.

Categories: Journals, Physics

Theory of quantum-circuit refrigeration by photon-assisted electron tunneling. (arXiv:1706.07188v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Sat, 2017-06-24 00:45

We focus on a recently experimentally realized scenario of normal-metal-insulator-superconductor tunnel junctions coupled to a superconducting resonator. We develop a first-principles theory to describe the effect of photon-assisted electron tunneling on the quantum state of the resonator. Our results are in very good quantitative agreement with the previous experiments on refrigeration and heating of the resonator using the photon-assisted tunneling, thus providing a stringent verification of the developed theory. Importantly, our results provide simple analytical estimates of the voltage-tunable coupling strength and temperature of the thermal reservoir formed by the photon-assisted tunneling. Consequently, they are used to introduce optimization principles for initialization of quantum devices using such a quantum-circuit refrigerator. Thanks to the first-principles nature of our approach, extension of the theory to the full spectrum of quantum electric devices seems plausible.

Categories: Journals, Physics

Bounds on energy absorption in quantum systems with long-range interactions. (arXiv:1706.07207v1 [cond-mat.dis-nn])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Sat, 2017-06-24 00:45

Long-range interacting systems such as nitrogen vacancy(NV)-centers in diamond serve as useful experimental setups to probe a range of nonequilibrium many-body phenomena. In particular, via driving, various effective Hamiltonians with physics potentially quite distinct from short-range systems, can be realized. In this Letter, we derive general bounds on the linear response energy absorption rates of periodically driven systems of spins or fermions in $d$ spatial dimensions with long-range interactions that are sign-changing and fall off as $1/r^\alpha$ with $\alpha > d/2$. We show that the disordered averaged energy absorption rate at high temperature decays exponentially as a function of the driving frequency. These results are relevant for understanding heating timescales and hence timescales of validity of effective Hamiltonians as well as new dynamical regimes in such long-range systems.

Categories: Journals, Physics

Noiseless signal shaping and cluster state generation with quantum memory cell. (arXiv:1706.07249v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Sat, 2017-06-24 00:45

In this article, we employ multimode radiation of a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO) to build a cluster state through a conversion on the base of quantum memory cell. We demonstrate that by choosing an appropriate driving field we can ensure the effective writing of the only one supermode from the entire set of the SPOPO squeezed supermodes. Further, by changing the driving field profile at the readout, we convert the time profile of the retrieved signal while maintaining its quantum state. We demonstrate the possibilities of using the presented scheme by the example of creating a four-mode linear cluster state of light.

Categories: Journals, Physics