## Physics

### Nonadiabatic transition paths from quantum jump trajectories. (arXiv:2206.04018v2 [physics.chem-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2022-08-05 23:45

We present a means of studying rare reactive pathways in open quantum systems using Transition Path Theory and ensembles of quantum jump trajectories. This approach allows for elucidation of reactive paths for dissipative, nonadiabatic dynamics when the system is embedded in a Markovian environment. We detail the dominant pathways and rates of thermally activated processes, as well as the relaxation pathways and photoyields following vertical excitation in a minimal model of a conical intersection. We find that the geometry of the conical intersection affects the electronic character of the transition state, as defined through a generalization of a committor function for a thermal barrier crossing event. Similarly, the geometry changes the mechanism of relaxation following a vertical excitation. Relaxation in models resulting from small diabatic coupling proceed through pathways dominated by pure dephasing, while those with large diabatic coupling proceed through pathways limited by dissipation. The perspective introduced here for the nonadiabatic dynamics of open quantum systems generalizes classical notions of reactive paths to fundamentally quantum mechanical processes.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Suppressing classical noise in the accelerated geometric phase gate by optimized dynamical decoupling. (arXiv:2205.08699v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Fri, 2022-08-05 23:45

In the quantum-computation scenario, geometric phase-gates are becoming increasingly attractive for their intrinsic fault tolerance to disturbance. With an adiabatic cyclic evolution, Berry phase appears to realize a geometric transformation. Performing the quantum gates as many as possible within the timescale of coherence, however, remains an inconvenient bottleneck due to the systematic errors. Here we propose an accelerated adiabatic quantum gate based on the Berry phase, the transitionless driving, and the dynamical decoupling. It reconciles a high fidelity with a high speed in the presence of control noise or imperfection. We optimize the dynamical-decoupling sequence in the time domain under a popular Gaussian noise spectrum following the inversely quadratic power-law.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Ergodicity Breaking Transition in Zero Dimensions

Author(s): Jan Šuntajs and Lev Vidmar

It is of great current interest to establish toy models of ergodicity breaking transitions in quantum many-body systems. Here, we study a model that is expected to exhibit an ergodic to nonergodic transition in the thermodynamic limit upon tuning the coupling between an ergodic quantum dot and dista…

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 060602] Published Fri Aug 05, 2022

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Turbulence-Surfing Plankton Can Double Their Speed

APS Physics - Fri, 2022-08-05 12:00

Author(s): Katherine Wright

Simulations indicate that plankton can gain quicker access to food by riding ascending turbulent ocean currents.

[Physics 15, 122] Published Fri Aug 05, 2022

Categories: Physics

### For the Best Burger, A Quadruple Flip

APS Physics - Fri, 2022-08-05 12:00

Author(s): Katherine Wright

A new mathematical model predicts when and how often to flip food on the grill to ensure it is cooked to perfection in the shortest time possible.

[Physics 15, 123] Published Fri Aug 05, 2022

Categories: Physics

### Motion Synchronization Goes Long Distance

APS Physics - Fri, 2022-08-05 12:00

Author(s): Katherine Wright

Researchers have optically synced the motion of two micrometer-sized objects separated by 5 km, a distance around a hundred million times longer than previous demonstrations.

[Physics 15, s109] Published Fri Aug 05, 2022

Categories: Physics

### Relation between quantum coherence and quantum entanglement in quantum measurements

PRA: Quantum information - Fri, 2022-08-05 12:00

Author(s): Ho-Joon Kim and Soojoon Lee

Quantum measurement is a class of quantum channels that sends quantum states to classical states. We set up resource theories of quantum coherence and quantum entanglement for quantum measurements and find relations between them. For this, we conceive a relative entropy-type quantity to account for …

[Phys. Rev. A 106, 022401] Published Fri Aug 05, 2022

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Implementation of a discrete-time quantum walk with a circulant matrix on a graph by optical polarizing elements

PRA: Quantum information - Fri, 2022-08-05 12:00

Author(s): Yusuke Mizutani, Tomoyuki Horikiri, Leo Matsuoka, Yusuke Higuchi, and Etsuo Segawa

In this paper, we introduce a quantum walk whose local scattering at each vertex is denoted by a unitary circulant matrix, namely, the circulant quantum walk. We also introduce another quantum walk induced by the circulant quantum walk, namely, the optical quantum walk, whose underlying graph is a 2…

[Phys. Rev. A 106, 022402] Published Fri Aug 05, 2022

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Hydrodynamic theory of scrambling in chaotic long-range interacting systems. (arXiv:2208.01649v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Thu, 2022-08-04 22:45

The Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskunov (FKPP) equation provides a mean-field theory of out-of-time-ordered commutators in locally interacting quantum chaotic systems at high energy density; in the systems with power-law interactions, the corresponding fractional-derivative FKPP equation provides an analogous mean-field theory. However, the fractional FKPP description is potentially subject to strong quantum fluctuation effects, so it is not clear a priori if it provides a suitable effective description for generic chaotic systems with power-law interactions. Here we study this problem using a model of coupled quantum dots with interactions decaying as $\frac{1}{r^{\alpha}}$, where each dot hosts $N$ degrees of freedom. The large $N$ limit corresponds to the mean-field description, while quantum fluctuations contributing to the OTOC can be modeled by $\frac{1}{N}$ corrections consisting of a cutoff function and noise. Within this framework, we show that the parameters of the effective theory can be chosen to reproduce the butterfly light cone scalings that we previously found for $N=1$ and generic finite $N$. In order to reproduce these scalings, the fractional index $\mu$ in the FKPP equation needs to be shifted from the na\"ive value of $\mu = 2\alpha - 1$ to a renormalized value $\mu = 2\alpha - 2$. We provide supporting analytic evidence for the cutoff model and numerical confirmation for the full fractional FKPP equation with cutoff and noise.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Dynamical quantum phase transitions from random matrix theory. (arXiv:2208.01659v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Thu, 2022-08-04 22:45

We uncover a novel dynamical quantum phase transition, using random matrix theory and its associated notion of planar limit. We study it for the isotropic XY Heisenberg spin chain. For this, we probe its real-time dynamics through the Loschmidt echo. This leads to the study of a random matrix ensemble with a complex weight, whose analysis requires novel technical considerations, that we develop. We obtain three main results: 1) There is a third order phase transition at a rescaled critical time, that we determine. 2) The third order phase transitions persists away from the thermodynamic limit. 3) For times below the critical value, the difference between the thermodynamic limit and a finite chain decreases exponentially with the system size. All these results depend in a rich manner on the parity of the number of flipped spins of the quantum state conforming the fidelity.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Duality theory for Clifford tensor powers. (arXiv:2208.01688v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Thu, 2022-08-04 22:45

The representation theory of the Clifford group is playing an increasingly prominent role in quantum information theory, including in such diverse use cases as the construction of protocols for quantum system certification, quantum simulation, and quantum cryptography. In these applications, the tensor powers of the defining representation seem particularly important. The representation theory of these tensor powers is understood in two regimes. 1. For odd qudits in the case where the power t is not larger than the number of systems n: Here, a duality theory between the Clifford group and certain discrete orthogonal groups can be used to make fairly explicit statements about the occurring irreps (this theory is related to Howe duality and the eta-correspondence). 2. For qubits: Tensor powers up to t=4 have been analyzed on a case-by-case basis. In this paper, we provide a unified framework for the duality approach that also covers qubit systems. To this end, we translate the notion of rank of symplectic representations to representations of the qubit Clifford group, and generalize the eta correspondence between symplectic and orthogonal groups to a correspondence between the Clifford and certain orthogonal-stochastic groups. As a sample application, we provide a protocol to efficiently implement the complex conjugate of a black-box Clifford unitary evolution.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Contextuality and Quantum Discord. (arXiv:2208.01698v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Thu, 2022-08-04 22:45

One of the defining differences between classical and quantum systems is how measurements affect them. Here, we compare the approaches of contextuality and quantum discord in capturing quantum correlations in special classes of two-qubit states, demonstrating that although non-discordant states are non-contextual, discordant states are not always contextual.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Entanglement dynamics and phase transitions of the Floquet cluster spin chain. (arXiv:2208.01706v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Thu, 2022-08-04 22:45

Cluster states were introduced in the context of measurement based quantum computing. In one dimension, the cluster Hamiltonian possesses topologically protected states. We investigate the Floquet dynamics of the cluster spin chain in an external field, interacting with a particle. We explore the entanglement properties of the topological and magnetic phases, first in the integrable spin lattice case, and then in the interacting quantum walk case. We find, in addition to thermalization, dynamical phase transitions separating low and high entangled nonthermal states, reminiscent of the ones present in the integrable case, but differing in their magnetic properties.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### A topologically protected quantum dynamo effect in a driven spin-boson model. (arXiv:2208.01707v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Thu, 2022-08-04 22:45

We describe a quantum dynamo effect in a driven system coupled to a harmonic oscillator describing a cavity mode or to a collection of modes forming an Ohmic bosonic bath. When the system Hamiltonian changes in time, this induces a dynamical field in the bosonic modes having resonant frequencies with the driving velocity. This field opposes the change of the external driving field in a way reminiscent of the Faraday effect in electrodynamics, justifying the term `quantum dynamo effect'. For the specific situation of a periodically driven spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ on the Bloch sphere, we show that the work done by rolling the spin from north to south pole can efficiently be converted into a coherent displacement of the resonant bosonic modes, the effect thus corresponds to a work-to-work conversion and allows to interpret this transmitted energy into the bath as work. We study this effect, its performance and limitations in detail for a driven spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ in the presence of a radial magnetic field addressing a relation with topological systems through the formation of an effective charge in the core of the sphere. We show that the dynamo effect is directly related to the dynamically measured topology of this spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ and thus in the adiabatic limit provides a topologically protected method to convert driving work into a coherent field in the reservoir. The quantum dynamo model is realizable in mesoscopic and atomic systems.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantum fluctuations, quanta of electromagnetic interaction, quantum electronic bound states. (arXiv:2208.01742v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Thu, 2022-08-04 22:45

Based on the concepts of the quantum field theory of virtual photons as quanta of electromagnetic interaction, we discuss the physical content of the phenomena underlying the principle of quantum uncertainties. We consider the features of the uncertainty relations and the properties of the elementary particles (electrons, protons, etc.) under the conditions of the formation of quantum bound states at atomic and subatomic distances.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Transformer Quantum State: A Multi-Purpose Model for Quantum Many-Body Problems. (arXiv:2208.01758v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Thu, 2022-08-04 22:45

Recent advancements in machine learning have led to the introduction of the transformer, a versatile, task-agnostic architecture with minimal requirements for hand-crafting schemes and features across different tasks. Here, we show that with appropriate modifications, such an architecture is well suited as a multi-purpose model for the solution of quantum many-body problems. We call the resulting model the transformer quantum state (TQS). In sharp contrast to previous Hamiltonian/task-specific models, TQS is capable of generating the entire phase diagram, predicting field strengths with as few as one experimental measurement, and transferring such knowledge to new systems it has never seen before, all within a single model. When focusing on a specific task, fine-tuning on a pre-trained TQS produces high accuracy results with small computational cost. Moreover, the TQS architecture can be extended to accommodate a wide range of tasks, thereby pointing towards a general purpose model for various challenging quantum problems.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Experimental signature of initial quantum coherence on entropy production. (arXiv:2208.01782v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Thu, 2022-08-04 22:45

We report the experimental quantification of the contribution to non-equilibrium entropy production that stems from the quantum coherence content in the initial state of a qubit exposed to both coherent driving and dissipation. Our experimental demonstration builds on the exquisite experimental control of the spin state of a nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond and is underpinned, theoretically, by the formulation of a generalized fluctuation theorem designed to track the effects of quantum coherence. Our results provide significant evidence of the possibility to pinpoint the genuinely quantum mechanical contributions to the thermodynamics of non-equilibrium quantum processes.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Picosecond Synchronization of Photon Pairs through a Fiber Link between Fermilab and Argonne National Laboratories. (arXiv:2208.01789v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Thu, 2022-08-04 22:45

We demonstrate a three-node quantum network for C-band photon pairs using 2 pairs of 59 km of deployed fiber between Fermi and Argonne National Laboratories. The C-band pairs are directed to nodes using a standard telecommunication switch and synchronized to picosecond-scale timing resolution using a coexisting O- or L-band optical clock distribution system. We measure a reduction of coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) of the C-band pairs from 51 $\pm$ 2 to 5.3 $\pm$ 0.4 due to Raman scattering of the O-band clock pulses. Despite this reduction, the CAR is nevertheless suitable for quantum networks.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Nonlinear and non-CP gates for Bloch vector amplification. (arXiv:2208.01804v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Thu, 2022-08-04 22:45

Any state r = (x,y,z) of a qubit, written in the Pauli basis and initialized in the pure state r = (0,0,1), can be prepared by composing three quantum operations: two unitary rotation gates to reach a pure state on the Bloch sphere, followed by a depolarization gate to decrease |r|. Here we discuss the complementary state-preparation protocol for qubits initialized at the center of the Bloch ball, r=0, based on increasing or amplifying |r| to its desired value, then rotating. Bloch vector amplification may or may not increase qubit energy, but it necessarily increases purity and decreases entropy. Amplification can be achieved with a linear Markovian CPTP channel by placing the channel's fixed point away from r=0, making it nonunital, but the resulting gate suffers from a critical slowing down as that fixed point is approached. Here we consider alternative designs based on linear and nonlinear Markovian PTP channels, which offer benefits relative to linear CPTP channels, namely fast Bloch vector amplification without deceleration. These gates simulate a reversal of the thermodynamic arrow of time for the qubit.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Advance sharing of quantum shares for classical secrets. (arXiv:2208.01847v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Thu, 2022-08-04 22:45

Secret sharing schemes for classical secrets can be classified into classical secret sharing schemes and quantum secret sharing schemes. Only classical secret sharing has been known to be able to distribute some shares before a given secret. We propose the first quantum secret sharing scheme with an arbitrary number of participants, that can distribute some shares before a given secret.

Categories: Journals, Physics