## Feed aggregator

### Influence of different disorder types on Aharonov-Bohm caging in the diamond chain

Author(s): Goran Gligorić, Daniel Leykam, and Aleksandra Maluckov

The linear diamond chain with fine-tuned effective magnetic flux has a completely flat energy spectrum and compactly localized eigenmodes, forming an Aharonov-Bohm cage. We study numerically how this localization is affected by different types of disorder (static and time-evolving) relevant to recen...

[Phys. Rev. A 101, 023839] Published Thu Feb 27, 2020

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Extended symmetries in geometrical optics

Author(s): Zhyrair Gevorkian, Mher Davtyan, and Armen Nersessian

We examine additional symmetries of specific refraction index profiles that are used in the well-known phenomena of perfect imaging and cloaking. In the considered cases, the translation generator and the angular momentum are conserved. We express the ray trajectory parameters through the integrals ...

[Phys. Rev. A 101, 023840] Published Thu Feb 27, 2020

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantum Limits to Incoherent Imaging are Achieved by Linear Interferometry

Author(s): Cosmo Lupo, Zixin Huang, and Pieter Kok

We solve the general problem of determining, through imaging, the three-dimensional positions of N weak incoherent pointlike emitters in an arbitrary spatial configuration. We show that a structured measurement strategy in which a passive linear interferometer feeds into an array of photodetectors i...

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 080503] Published Thu Feb 27, 2020

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Monte Carlo Renormalization Flows in the Space of Relevant and Irrelevant Operators: Application to Three-Dimensional Clock Models

Author(s): Hui Shao, Wenan Guo, and Anders W. Sandvik

We study renormalization group flows in a space of observables computed by Monte Carlo simulations. As an example, we consider three-dimensional clock models, i.e., the XY spin model perturbed by a Zq symmetric anisotropy field. For q=4, 5, 6, a scaling function with two relevant arguments describes...

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 080602] Published Thu Feb 27, 2020

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Synopsis: Tracking Forces with Sound

APS Physics - Thu, 2020-02-27 11:00

Acoustic emission from a ruptured liquid film reveals the forces that drive the liquid’s flow.

[Physics] Published Thu Feb 27, 2020

Categories: Physics

### Counterfactual Trojan horse attack

PRA: Quantum information - Thu, 2020-02-27 11:00

Author(s): Zheng-Hong Li, Luojia Wang, Jingping Xu, Yaping Yang, M. Al-Amri, and M. Suhail Zubairy

Trojan horse attack is a common eavesdropping strategy which can attack various quantum secure communication systems. Its basic idea is to send auxiliary photons into a legitimate communicator's apparatuses and steal information by analyzing the reflected photons. In this paper, we consider a differ...

[Phys. Rev. A 101, 022336] Published Thu Feb 27, 2020

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Junior Research Group Leader (f/m/d): "Quantitative Assays with Magnetic Nanoparticles": TU Braunschweig

brightrecruits jobs - Thu, 2020-02-27 01:00
€Attractive: TU Braunschweig
For more latest jobs and jobs in Germany visit brightrecruits.com
Categories: Jobs

### QEML (Quantum Enhanced Machine Learning): Using Quantum Computing to Enhance ML Classifiers and Feature Spaces. (arXiv:2002.10453v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2020-02-26 17:32

Machine learning and quantum computing are two technologies that are causing a paradigm shift in the performance and behavior of certain algorithms, achieving previously unattainable results. Machine learning (kernel classification) has become ubiquitous as the forefront method for pattern recognition and has been shown to have numerous societal applications. While not yet fault-tolerant, Quantum computing is an entirely new method of computation due to its exploitation of quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement. While current machine learning classifiers like the Support Vector Machine are seeing gradual improvements in performance, there are still severe limitations on the efficiency and scalability of such algorithms due to a limited feature space which makes the kernel functions computationally expensive to estimate. By integrating quantum circuits into traditional ML, we may solve this problem through the use of quantum feature space, a technique that improves existing Machine Learning algorithms through the use of parallelization and the reduction of the storage space from exponential to linear. This research expands on this concept of the Hilbert space and applies it for classical machine learning by implementing the quantum-enhanced version of the K nearest neighbors algorithm. This paper first understands the mathematical intuition for the implementation of quantum feature space and successfully simulates quantum properties and algorithms like Fidelity and Grover's Algorithm via the Qiskit python library and the IBM Quantum Experience platform. The primary experiment of this research is to build a noisy variational quantum circuit KNN (QKNN) which mimics the classification methods of a traditional KNN classifier. The QKNN utilizes the distance metric of Hamming Distance and is able to outperform the existing KNN on a 10-dimensional Breast Cancer dataset.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### The phase matching quantum key distribution protocol with 3-state systems. (arXiv:2002.10454v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2020-02-26 17:32

Quantum Key Distribution, as a branch of quantum mechanics in cryptography, can distribute keys between legal communication parties in an unconditionally secure manner, thus can realize in transmitting confidential information with unconditional security. We consider a Phase-Matching Quantum Key Distribution protocol with 3-state systems for the first time, where the phase of the coherent state is 3,thus we propose three different ways to response to every successful detection and two parties gain their raw keys by flip and flip". The simulation results show that compared with Phase-Matching Quantum Key Distribution protocol where the phase equals 2, the proposed protocol breaks the limit of linear key generation rate in a shorter distance, and the longest practical transmission distance is about 470 $km$, whereas the ones of BB84 protocol is lower than 250 $km$.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Weak-to-Strong Light-Matter Coupling and Dissipative Dynamics from First Principles. (arXiv:2002.10461v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2020-02-26 17:32

Cavity-mediated light-matter coupling can dramatically alter opto-electronic and physico-chemical properties of a molecule. Ab initio theoretical predictions of these systems need to combine non-perturbative, many-body electronic structure theory-based methods with cavity quantum electrodynamics and theories of open quantum systems. Here we generalize quantum-electrodynamical density functional theory to account for dissipative dynamics and describe coupled cavity-molecule interactions in the weak-to-strong-coupling regimes. Specifically, to establish this generalized technique, we study excited-state dynamics and spectral responses of benzene and toluene under weak-to-strong light-matter coupling. By tuning the coupling we achieve cavity-mediated energy transfer between electronic excited states. This generalized ab initio quantum-electrodynamical density functional theory treatment can be naturally extended to describe cavity-mediated interactions in arbitrary electromagnetic environments, accessing correlated light-matter observables and thereby closing the gap between electronic structure theory and quantum optics.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### On the complexity of zero gap MIP*. (arXiv:2002.10490v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2020-02-26 17:32

The class $\mathsf{MIP}^*$ is the set of languages decidable by multiprover interactive proofs with quantum entangled provers. It was recently shown by Ji, Natarajan, Vidick, Wright and Yuen that $\mathsf{MIP}^*$ is equal to $\mathsf{RE}$, the set of recursively enumerable languages. In particular this shows that the complexity of approximating the quantum value of a non-local game $G$ is equivalent to the complexity of the Halting problem.

In this paper we investigate the complexity of deciding whether the quantum value of a non-local game $G$ is exactly $1$. This problem corresponds to a complexity class that we call zero gap $\mathsf{MIP}^*$, denoted by $\mathsf{MIP}^*_0$, where there is no promise gap between the verifier's acceptance probabilities in the YES and NO cases. We prove that $\mathsf{MIP}^*_0$ extends beyond the first level of the arithmetical hierarchy (which includes $\mathsf{RE}$ and its complement $\mathsf{coRE}$), and in fact is equal to $\Pi_2^0$, the class of languages that can be decided by quantified formulas of the form $\forall y \, \exists z \, R(x,y,z)$.

Combined with the previously known result that $\mathsf{MIP}^{co}_0$ (the commuting operator variant of $\mathsf{MIP}^*_0$) is equal to $\mathsf{coRE}$, our result further highlights the fascinating connection between various models of quantum multiprover interactive proofs and different classes in computability theory.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### High-dimensional Angular Two-Photon Interference and Angular Qudit States. (arXiv:2002.10513v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2020-02-26 17:32

Using angular position-orbital angular momentum entangled photons, we propose an experiment to generate maximally entangled states of $D$-dimensional quantum systems, the so called qudits, by exploiting correlations of parametric down-converted photons. Angular diffraction masks containing $N$-slits in the arms of each twin photon define a qudit space of dimension $N^2$, spanned by the alternative pathways of the photons. Due to phase-matching conditions, the twin photons will pass only by symmetrically opposite angular slits, generating maximally entangled states between these different paths, which can be detected by high-order two-photon interference fringes via coincidence counts. Numerical results for $N$ angular slits with $N = 2, 4, 5, 6, 10$ are reported, corresponding to qudit Hilbert spaces of dimension $D=N^2=4,16,25, 36,100$, respectively. We discuss relevant experimental parameters for an experimental implementation of the proposed scheme using Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs), and twin-photons produced by Spontaneouos Parametric Down Conversion (SPDC). The entanglement of the qudit state can be quantified in terms of the Concurrence, which can be expressed in terms of the visibility of the interference fringes, or by using Entanglement Witnesses. These results provide an additional means for preparing entangled quantum states in high-dimensions, a fundamental resource for quantum simulation and quantum information protocols.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Efficient Quantum Circuit Decompositions via Intermediate Qudits. (arXiv:2002.10592v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2020-02-26 17:32

Many quantum algorithms make use of ancilla, additional qubits used to store temporary information during computation, to reduce the total execution time. Quantum computers will be resource-constrained for years to come so reducing ancilla requirements is crucial. In this work, we give a method to generate ancilla out of idle qubits by placing some in higher-value states, called qudits. We show how to take a circuit with many $O(n)$ ancilla and design an ancilla-free circuit with the same asymptotic depth. Using this, we give a circuit construction for an in-place adder and a constant adder both with $O(\log n)$ depth using temporary qudits and no ancilla.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Dynamical decoupling of a geometric qubit. (arXiv:2002.10596v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2020-02-26 17:32

Quantum bits or qubits naturally decohere by becoming entangled with uncontrollable environments. Dynamical decoupling is thereby required to disentangle qubits from an environment by periodically reversing the qubit bases, but this causes rotation error to accumulate. Whereas a conventional qubit is rotated within the SU(2) two-level system, a geometric qubit defined in the degenerate subspace of a V-shaped SU(3) three-level system is geometrically rotated via the third ancillary level to acquire a geometric phase. We here demonstrate that, simply by introducing detuning, the dynamical decoupling of the geometric qubit on a spin triplet electron in a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond can be made to spontaneously suppress error accumulation. The geometric dynamical decoupling extends the coherence time of the geometric qubit up to 1.9 ms, limited by the relaxation time, with 128 decoupling gates at room temperature. Our technique opens a route to holonomic quantum memory for use in various quantum applications requiring sequential operations

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantum phase transition of the Bose-Hubbard model on cubic lattice with anisotropic hopping. (arXiv:2002.10602v1 [cond-mat.quant-gas])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2020-02-26 17:32

In quantum many-body system, dimensionality plays a critical role on type of the quantum phase transition. In order to study the quantum system during dimensional crossover, we studied the Bose-Hubbard model on cubic lattice with anisotropic hopping by using the high order symbolic strong coupling expansion method. The analytic series expanded boundaries between the Mott-insulator and superfluid phase up to eighth order are calculated. The critical exponents are extracted by Pad\'{e} re-summation method, which clearly shows the dimensional crossover behavior. Meanwhile, the critical points at commensurate filling can also be obtained, and they match well with the prediction of renormalization group theory. The scaling of the gap energy and whole phase diagram are given at last, and they can be taken as the benchmark for experiment and numerical simulations in the future study.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Universal fast flux control of a coherent, low-frequency qubit. (arXiv:2002.10653v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2020-02-26 17:32

The \textit{heavy-fluxonium} circuit is a promising building block for superconducting quantum processors due to its long relaxation and dephasing time at the half-flux frustration point. However, the suppressed charge matrix elements and low transition frequency have made it challenging to perform fast single-qubit gates using standard protocols. We report on new protocols for reset, fast coherent control, and readout, that allow high-quality operation of the qubit with a 14 MHz transition frequency, an order of magnitude lower in energy than the ambient thermal energy scale. We utilize higher levels of the fluxonium to initialize the qubit with $97$\% fidelity, corresponding to cooling it to $190~\mathrm{\mu K}$. We realize high-fidelity control using a universal set of single-cycle flux gates, which are comprised of directly synthesizable fast pulses, while plasmon-assisted readout is used for measurements. On a qubit with $T_1, T_{2e}\sim$~300~$\mathrm{\mu s}$, we realize single-qubit gates in $20-60$~ns with an average gate fidelity of $99.8\%$ as characterized by randomized benchmarking.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Secure and efficient synchronization scheme for quantum key distribution. (arXiv:2002.10662v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2020-02-26 17:32

To establish a time reference frame between two users in quantum key distribution, a synchronization calibration process is usually applied for the case of using gated mode single-photon detectors (SPDs). Traditionally, the synchronization calibration is independently implemented by the line length measurement for each SPD. However, this will leave a loophole which has been experimentally demonstrated by a special attack. Here, we propose an alternative synchronization scheme by fixing the relative delay of the signal time window among all SPDs and jointly performing the line length measurement with multiple SPDs under combining low-precision with high-precision synchronization. The new scheme is not only immune to the vulnerability but also improves the synchronization time from usually a few seconds to tens of milliseconds.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Experimental composable security decoy-state quantum key distribution using time-phase encoding. (arXiv:2002.10668v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2020-02-26 17:32

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises provably secure communications. In order to improve the secret key rate, combining a biased basis choice with the decoy-state method is proposed. Concomitantly, there is a basis-independent detection efficiency condition, which usually cannot be satisfied in a practical system, such as the time-phase encoding. Fortunately, this flaw has been recently removed theoretically and experimentally using the fact that the expected yields of single-photon states prepared in two bases stay the same for a given measurement basis. However, the security proofs do not fully consider the finite-key effects for general attacks. In this work, we provide the rigorous finite-key security bounds for four-intensity decoy-state BB84 QKD against coherent attacks in the universally composable framework. Furthermore, we build a time-phase encoding system with 200 MHz clocked to implement this protocol, in which the real-time secret key rate is more than 60 kbps over 50 km single-mode fiber.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Experimental Test of Tight State-Independent Preparation Uncertainty Relations for Qubits. (arXiv:2002.10725v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2020-02-26 17:32

A major flaw of the well-known Robertson-Schr\"odinger uncertainty relations is their state-dependence of the lower bounds, which are trivial for certain states. A general approach to derive tight state-independent uncertainty relations for qubit measurements was introduced in Abbott et al., [Mathematics 4, 8 (2016)]. The derived measurement uncertainty relations are expressed in terms of expectation value, standard deviation, and entropy. Here, we present a neutron optical test of the tight state independent preparation uncertainty relations for non-commuting Pauli spin observables with mixed spin states. The final results, obtained in a polarimetric experiment, reproduce the theoretical predictions evidently for arbitrary initial states of variable degree of polarization.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### No Entropy Production in Quantum Thermodynamics. (arXiv:2002.10747v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2020-02-26 17:32

In this work we will show that there exists a fundamental difference between microscopic quantum thermodynamics and macroscopic classical thermodynamics. It will be proved that the entropy production in quantum thermodynamics always vanishes for both closed and open quantum thermodynamic systems. This novel and very surprising result is derived based on the genuine reasoning Clausius used to establish the science of thermodynamics in the first place. This result will interestingly lead to define the generalized temperature for any non-equilibrium quantum system.

Categories: Journals, Physics