QUIE2T Quantum Information Entanglement-Enabled Technologies

Author(s): D. J. Rowe, M. J. Carvalho, and J. Repka

Symmetries, group theory, and the related theory of Lie algebras underlie quantum mechanics and provide the essential language for the interpretation of physical phenomena. This review discusses foundations and applications of dual representations of pairs of symmetry and dynamical groups primarily ...

[Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 711] Published Fri May 11, 2012

Author(s): Massimo Boninsegni and Nikolay V. Prokof’ev

Supersolid is the name of an exotic quantum phase of matter, combining the seemingly antithetical properties of crystal and superfluid phases. This phase is expected to exist in rather extreme circumstances, for example, in solid helium near absolute zero. Indeed, claims of its experimental observat...

[Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 759] Published Fri May 11, 2012

Author(s): Jian-Wei Pan, Zeng-Bing Chen, Chao-Yang Lu, Harald Weinfurter, Anton Zeilinger, and Marek Żukowski

Light is made out of photons, which now can be efficiently created, manipulated, and detected. This provides us with the possibility of testing several fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics, ranging from the quantization of energy to the superposition principle, or the violation of Bell inequalit...

[Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 777] Published Fri May 11, 2012

Author(s): Kurt Hinterbichler

The discovery that the expansion rate of the Universe is accelerating, perhaps due to a nonzero and very small cosmological constant, has led to many speculations regarding modifications to the long distance structure of general relativity. This review discusses modifications which generate a mass f...

[Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 671] Published Mon May 07, 2012

Author(s): Christian Weedbrook, Stefano Pirandola, Raúl García-Patrón, Nicolas J. Cerf, Timothy C. Ralph, Jeffrey H. Shapiro, and Seth Lloyd

Quantum information processing and communication protocols are typically expressed in terms of discrete units of information, the quantum bits (or qubits). However, certain experimental setups involving, for instance, light or atomic ensembles, are based on continuous quantum system and, in particul...

[Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 621] Published Tue May 01, 2012

Author(s): M. Pfützner, M. Karny, L. V. Grigorenko, and K. Riisager

Nuclear physics began with the discovery of radioactivity. Several different forms of nuclear disintegration have been identified very early, starting with the familiar alpha, beta, and gamma decays. In 1938, nuclear fission joined the elite club of nuclear decays. The exotic, short lived nuclei, ac...

[Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 567] Published Mon Apr 30, 2012

Author(s): G. C. Branco, R. González Felipe, and F. R. Joaquim

This article surveys the theoretical origins and experimental implications of possible CP violation in the lepton sector. The formalism for CP violation and its possible relation to neutrino masses are described. Experimental and observational constraints and possibilities involving neutrino oscilla...

[Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 515] Published Thu Apr 26, 2012

Author(s): Gareth P. Alexander, Bryan Gin-ge Chen, Elisabetta A. Matsumoto, and Randall D. Kamien

Topological defects play a strong role in the physics of a large class of systems with interacting components such as in the case of nematic liquid crystals. Recent experimental progress in this area has attracted a lot of attention. In this Colloquium the experimental situation is reviewed and the ...

[Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 497] Published Mon Apr 09, 2012

Author(s): Zoltan Fodor and Christian Hoelbling

One of the most basic tests of quantum chromodynamics in the strong coupling regime is whether it can successfully predict the spectrum of light hadron masses in terms of a small number of inputs. This article surveys the status of lattice calculations of the spectrum, including the formalism, theor...

[Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 449] Published Wed Apr 04, 2012

Author(s): Vincenzo Cirigliano, Gerhard Ecker, Helmut Neufeld, Antonio Pich, and Jorge Portolés

This review article surveys the theoretical structure, experimental status, and physics implications of the large variety of neutral and charged kaon decay modes. These have been important for establishing the fundamental structure of the electroweak interactions, determining elements of the Cabibbo...

[Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 399] Published Wed Mar 21, 2012

Author(s): Jutta E. Escher, Jason T. Burke, Frank S. Dietrich, Nicholas D. Scielzo, Ian J. Thompson, and Walid Younes

To understand the origin of the elements heavier than iron, innovative nuclear-fuel cycles, and nuclear weapon test data, a detailed knowledge of certain reaction cross section is required. Oftentimes, when the key reactions cannot be studied directly or predicted reliably, it becomes necessary to d...

[Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 353] Published Tue Mar 13, 2012

Author(s): Walter Metzner, Manfred Salmhofer, Carsten Honerkamp, Volker Meden, and Kurt Schönhammer

Strongly correlated fermion systems provide large challenges to theoretical treatments. A particular tool, the functional renormalization group that goes back to Wilson, but has been much refined and further developed in recent years, has been successfully applied to problems ranging from quantum ph...

[Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 299] Published Mon Mar 12, 2012

Author(s): Gertjan Koster, Lior Klein, Wolter Siemons, Guus Rijnders, J. Steven Dodge, Chang-Beom Eom, Dave H. A. Blank, and Malcolm R. Beasley

The complex oxide perovskite SrRuO3 is recognized as an almost ideal material for study: it can be grown epitaxially on a variety of complex oxide substrates, it is a good conductor without the need for added dopants, and it is a model system for the study of itinerant ferromagnetism with intermedia...

[Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 253] Published Thu Mar 08, 2012

Author(s): Frédéric Déliot and Douglas A. Glenzinski

The top quark is the highest-mass fundamental constituent of matter observed so far. Because of this large mass, top quark interactions might receive sizable contributions from new heavy particles that impact its production and decays. Evidence for such effects can be observed as deviations from sta...

[Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 211] Published Tue Mar 06, 2012

Author(s): Wim Vassen, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Michele Leduc, Denis Boiron, Christoph I. Westbrook, Andrew Truscott, Ken Baldwin, Gerhard Birkl, Pablo Cancio, and Marek Trippenbach

Cold atomic gases have numerous applications, ranging from matter-wave interferometry to many-body physics. Atoms from the noble gas family play a special role in this research. Indeed each atom must be prepared in a metastable electronic state in order to be manipulated by laser light, and it thus ...

[Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 175] Published Fri Feb 24, 2012

Author(s): Klaus Hornberger, Stefan Gerlich, Philipp Haslinger, Stefan Nimmrichter, and Markus Arndt

As the mass and complexity of objects, such as molecules and atoms, increase, they behave more classically than quantum mechanically. Certain small systems such as clusters and molecules are on the border line between the classical and quantum description. In this Colloquium, the developments in the...

[Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 157] Published Wed Feb 08, 2012

Author(s): G. Catalan, J. Seidel, R. Ramesh, and J. F. Scott

The formation of domains in thin films of ferroelectrics, ferromagnets, ferroelastics, or multiferroics can be thought of as a consequence of a finite-size effect driven by a minimization of a surface energy. This review, which focuses on ferroelectrics, describes the energetics of domain formation ...

[Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 119] Published Fri Feb 03, 2012