## Physics

### Quantum conditional relative entropy and quasi-factorization of the relative entropy. (arXiv:1804.09525v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2018-10-03 15:33

The existence of a positive log-Sobolev constant implies a bound on the mixing time of a quantum dissipative evolution under the Markov approximation. For classical spin systems, such constant was proven to exist, under the assumption of a mixing condition in the Gibbs measure associated to their dynamics, via a quasi-factorization of the entropy in terms of the conditional entropy in some sub-$\sigma$-algebras.

In this work we analyze analogous quasi-factorization results in the quantum case. For that, we define the quantum conditional relative entropy and prove several quasi-factorization results for it. As an illustration of their potential, we use one of them to obtain a positive log-Sobolev constant for the heat-bath dynamics with product fixed point.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Is it possible to be objective in every physical theory?. (arXiv:1805.12126v3 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2018-10-03 15:33

We investigate the emergence of classicality and objectivity in arbitrary physical theories. First we provide an explicit example of a theory where there are no objective states. Then we characterize classical states of generic theories, and show how classical physics emerges through a decoherence process, which always exists in causal theories as long as there are classical states. We apply these results to the study of the emergence of objectivity, here recast as a multiplayer game. In particular, we prove that the so-called Spectrum Broadcast Structure characterizes all objective states in every causal theory, in the very same way as it does in quantum mechanics. This shows that the structure of objective states is valid across an extremely broad range of physical theories. Finally we show that, unlike objectivity, the emergence of local observers is not generic among physical theories, but it is only possible if a theory satisfies two axioms that rule out holistic behavior in composite systems.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Gate-based single-shot readout of spins in silicon. (arXiv:1809.01864v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2018-10-03 15:33

Electron spins in silicon quantum dots provide a promising route towards realising the large number of coupled qubits required for a useful quantum processor. At present, the requisite single-shot spin qubit measurements are performed using on-chip charge sensors, capacitively coupled to the quantum dots. However, as the number of qubits is increased, this approach becomes impractical due to the footprint and complexity of the charge sensors, combined with the required proximity to the quantum dots. Alternatively, the spin state can be measured directly by detecting the complex impedance of spin-dependent electron tunnelling between quantum dots. This can be achieved using radio-frequency reflectometry on a single gate electrode defining the quantum dot itself, significantly reducing gate count and architectural complexity, but thus far it has not been possible to achieve single-shot spin readout using this technique. Here, we detect single electron tunnelling in a double quantum dot and demonstrate that gate-based sensing can be used to read out the electron spin state in a single shot, with an average readout fidelity of 73%. The result demonstrates a key step towards the readout of many spin qubits in parallel, using a compact gate design that will be needed for a large-scale semiconductor quantum processor.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantization of quasinormal modes for open cavities and plasmonic cavity-QED. (arXiv:1808.06392v2 [cond-mat.mes-hall] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2018-10-03 15:33

We introduce a second quantization scheme based on quasinormal modes, which are the dissipative modes of leaky optical cavities and plasmonic resonators with complex eigenfrequencies. The theory enables the construction of multi-plasmon/photon Fock states for arbitrary three-dimensional dissipative resonators and gives a solid understanding to the limits of phenomenological dissipative Jaynes-Cummings models. In the general case, we show how different quasinormal modes interfere through an off-diagonal mode coupling and demonstrate how these results affect cavity-modified spontaneous emission. To illustrate the practical application of the theory, we show examples using a gold nanorod dimer and a hybrid dielectric-metal cavity structure.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### On a different expression of the classical limit of quantum mechanics. (arXiv:1808.04700v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2018-10-03 15:33

The principle of correspondence (or classical limit) is essential in quantum mechanics. Yet, how and why quantum phenomena vanish at the macroscopic scale are issues still open to debate. Here, quantum mechanical predictions for Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states of qubits are shown to be easier to reproduce with a classical model as the number of particles increases, even in the absence of loopholes or conspiratorial mechanisms of any kind. It is conjectured that this result may lead to the simplest way to express the principle of correspondence.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Entanglement Protection via Periodic Environment Resetting in Continuous Time Quantum Dynamical Processes. (arXiv:1808.02249v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2018-10-03 15:33

The temporal evolution of entanglement between a noisy system and an ancillary system is analyzed in the context of continuous time open quantum system dynamics. Focusing on a couple of analytically solvable models for qubit systems, we study how Markovian and non-Markovian characteristics influence the problem, discussing in particular their associated entanglement-breaking regimes. These performances are compared with those one could achieve when the environment of the system is forced to return to its input configuration via periodic instantaneous resetting procedures.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantifying the randomness of copies of noisy Popescu-Rohrlich correlations. (arXiv:1807.04674v3 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2018-10-03 15:33

In a no-signaling world, the outputs of a nonlocal box cannot be completely predetermined, a feature that is exploited in many quantum information protocols exploiting non-locality, such as device-independent randomness generation and quantum key distribution. This relation between non-locality and randomness can be formally quantified through the min-entropy, a measure of the unpredictability of the outputs that holds conditioned on the knowledge of any adversary that is limited only by the no-signaling principle. This quantity can easily be computed for the noisy Popescu-Rohrlich (PR) box, the paradigmatic example of non-locality. In this paper, we consider the min-entropy associated to several copies of noisy PR boxes. In the case where n noisy PR-boxes are implemented using n non-communicating pairs of devices, it is known that each PR-box behaves as an independent biased coin: the min-entropy per PR-box is constant with the number of copies. We show that this doesn't hold in more general scenarios where several noisy PR-boxes are implemented from a single pair of devices, either used sequentially n times or producing n outcome bits in a single run. In this case, the min-entropy per PR-box is smaller than the min-entropy of a single PR-box, and it decreases as the number of copies increases.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Self-healing high-dimensional quantum key distribution using hybrid spin-orbit Bessel states. (arXiv:1806.11062v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2018-10-03 15:33

Using spatial modes for quantum key distribution (QKD) has become highly topical due to their infinite dimensionality, promising high information capacity per photon. However, spatial distortions reduce the feasible secret key rates and compromise the security of a quantum channel. In an extreme form such a distortion might be a physical obstacle, impeding line-of-sight for free-space channels. Here, by controlling the radial degree of freedom of a photon's spatial mode, we are able to demonstrate hybrid high-dimensional QKD through obstacles with self-reconstructing single photons. We construct high-dimensional mutually unbiased bases using spin-orbit hybrid states that are radially modulated with a non-diffracting Bessel-Gaussian (BG) profile, and show secure transmission through partially obstructed quantum links. Using a prepare-measure protocol we report higher quantum state self-reconstruction and information retention for the non-diffracting BG modes as compared to Laguerre-Gaussian modes, obtaining a quantum bit error rate (QBER) that is up to 3 times lower. This work highlights the importance of controlling the radial mode of single photons in quantum information processing and communication as well as the advantages of QKD with hybrid states.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Dynamically induced heat rectification in quantum systems. (arXiv:1806.10391v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2018-10-03 15:33

Heat rectifiers are systems that conduct heat asymmetrically for forward and reversed temperature gradients. Here, we present an analytical study of heat rectification in linear quantum systems. We demonstrate that asymmetric heat currents can be induced in a linear system only if it is dynamically driven. The rectification can be further enhanced, even achieving maximal performance, by detuning the oscillators of the driven network. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of such driven harmonic network to work as a thermal transistor, quantifying its efficiency through the dynamical amplification factor.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Continuous real-time tracking of a quantum phase below the standard quantum limit. (arXiv:1809.08216v2 [physics.atom-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Wed, 2018-10-03 15:33

We propose a scheme for continuously measuring an evolving quantum phase with precision beyond the standard quantum limit of $\Delta \phi_\text{SQL} = 1/\sqrt{N}$ radians, where $N$ is the number of pseudospins. Quantum non-demolition measurements of a lossy cavity mode interacting with an atomic ensemble are used to directly probe the phase of the collective atomic spin without converting it into a population difference. Unlike traditional Ramsey measurement sequences, our scheme allows for real-time tracking of time-varying signals. As a bonus, spin-squeezed states develop naturally, providing real-time phase estimation significantly more precise than $\Delta \phi_\text{SQL}$.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Riesz-projection-based theory of light-matter interaction in dispersive nanoresonators

Author(s): Lin Zschiedrich, Felix Binkowski, Niko Nikolay, Oliver Benson, Günter Kewes, and Sven Burger

We introduce a theory to analyze the behavior of light emitters in nanostructured environments rigorously. Based on spectral theory, the approach opens the possibility to quantify precisely how an emitter decays to resonant states of the structure and how it couples to a background, also in the pres...

[Phys. Rev. A 98, 043806] Published Wed Oct 03, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Localized optical micromotors based on twin laser cavity solitons

Author(s): M. Eslami, N. H. Khiavi, R. Kheradmand, and F. Prati

It has recently been shown that vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with an intracavity saturable absorber are capable of forming binary localized structures called twin laser cavity solitons (LCSs). Apart from their asymmetric intensity distribution, they can spontaneously rotate about their ce...

[Phys. Rev. A 98, 043807] Published Wed Oct 03, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Synopsis: Sound Propagates in a 2D Bose Gas Despite Lack of Collisions

APS Physics - Wed, 2018-10-03 11:00

Experiments and simulations indicate that collisionless interactions among atoms in a 2D Bose gas can transmit sound waves.

[Physics] Published Wed Oct 03, 2018

Categories: Physics

### Long-distance continuous-variable quantum key distribution using separable Gaussian states

PRA: Quantum information - Wed, 2018-10-03 11:00

Author(s): Jian Zhou, Duan Huang, and Ying Guo

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is considered to be an alternative to classical cryptography for secure communication. However, its transmission distance is restricted to metropolitan areas, given that it is affected by the channel excess noise and losses. In this paper, we pres...

[Phys. Rev. A 98, 042303] Published Wed Oct 03, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Correcting finite squeezing errors in continuous-variable cluster states

PRA: Quantum information - Wed, 2018-10-03 11:00

Author(s): Daiqin Su, Christian Weedbrook, and Kamil Brádler

We introduce an efficient scheme to correct errors due to the finite squeezing effects in continuous-variable cluster states. Specifically, we consider the typical situation where the class of algorithms consists of input states that are known. By using the knowledge of the input states, we correct ...

[Phys. Rev. A 98, 042304] Published Wed Oct 03, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Improved quantum entropic uncertainty relations

PRA: Quantum information - Wed, 2018-10-03 11:00

Author(s): Zhihua Chen, Zhihao Ma, Yunlong Xiao, and Shao-Ming Fei

We study entropic uncertainty relations by using stepwise linear functions and quadratic functions. Two kinds of improved uncertainty lower bounds are constructed: the state-independent one based on the lower bound of Shannon entropy and the tighter state-dependent one based on the majorization tech...

[Phys. Rev. A 98, 042305] Published Wed Oct 03, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Revealing the quantitative relation between simultaneous correlations in complementary bases and quantum steering for two-qubit Bell diagonal states

PRA: Quantum information - Wed, 2018-10-03 11:00

Author(s): C. Jebarathinam, Aiman Khan, Som Kanjilal, and Dipankar Home

The present work is motivated by the question what aspect of correlation entailed by the two-qubit state serves as the appropriate quantitative resource for steering. To this end, considering Bell-diagonal states, suitable measures of simultaneous correlations in two and three complementary (mutuall...

[Phys. Rev. A 98, 042306] Published Wed Oct 03, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantum Symmetry from Enhanced Sampling Methods

Author(s): J. Runeson, M. Nava, and M. Parrinello

We address the problem of the minus sign sampling for two-electron systems using the path integral approach. We show that this problem can be reexpressed as one of computing free energy differences and sampling the tails of statistical distributions. Using metadynamics, a realistic problem like that...

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 140602] Published Wed Oct 03, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Concentration-of-Measure Theory for Structures and Fluctuations of Waves

Author(s): Ping Fang, Liyi Zhao, and Chushun Tian

The emergence of nonequilibrium phenomena in individual complex wave systems has long been of fundamental interest. Its analytic studies remain notoriously difficult. Using the mathematical tool of the concentration of measure, we develop a theory for structures and fluctuations of waves in individu...

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 140603] Published Wed Oct 03, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics