## Physics

### Condensation of non-Abelian $SU(3)_{N_f}$ anyons in a one-dimensional fermion model. (arXiv:1808.05808v1 [cond-mat.str-el])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2018-08-20 18:45

The color excitations of interacting fermions carrying an $SU(3)$ color and $U(N_f)$ flavor index in one spatial dimension are studied in the framework of a perturbed $SU(3)_{N_f}$ Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten model. Using Bethe ansatz methods the low energy quasi-particles are found to be massive solitons forming $SU(3)$ quark and antiquark multiplets. In addition to the color index the solitons carry an internal degree of freedom with non-integer quantum dimension. These zero modes are identified as non-Abelian anyons satisfying $SU(3)_{N_f}$ fusion rules. Controlling the soliton density by external fields allows to drive the condensation of these anyons into various collective states. The latter are described by parafermionic cosets related to the symmetry of the system. Based on the numerical solution of the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations we propose a low temperature phase diagram for this model.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Experimental comparison of various quantum key distribution protocols under reference frame rotation and fuctuation. (arXiv:1808.05811v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2018-08-20 18:45

In free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) between moving parties, e.g., free-space QKD via satellite, the reference frame rotation and fluctuation degrades the performance of QKD. Reference-frame-independent QKD (RFI-QKD) provides a simple but efficient way to overcome this problem. While there has been a number of theoretical and experimental studies on RFI-QKD, the experimental verification of the robustness of RFI-QKD over other QKD protocols under the reference frame rotation and fluctuation is still missing. Here, we have constructed a free-space QKD system which can implement BB84, six-state, and RFI-QKD protocols, and compared their performances under the reference frame rotation and fluctuation. With the theoretical analysis and experimental data, we have successfully verified the robustness of RFI-QKD protocol over other QKD protocols in the presence of reference frame rotation and fluctuation.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### PT-symmetric potentials with imaginary asymptotic saturation. (arXiv:1808.05828v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2018-08-20 18:45

We point out that PT-symmetric potentials $V_{PT}(x)$ having imaginary asymptotic saturation: $V_{PT}(\pm \infty) =\pm i V_1, V_1 \in \Re$ are devoid of scattering statesand spectral singularity. We show the existence of real (positive and negative) discrete spectrum both with and without complex conjugate pair(s) of eigenvalues (CCPEs). Both real and imaginary parts of $\psi(x)$ vanish asymptotically, the initial states have few nodes but latter ones oscillate fast. $|\psi(x)|$ for the CCPEs are asymmetric and for real energies these are symmetric about origin. For CCPEs $E_{\pm}$ the eigenstates $\psi_{\pm}$ follow an interesting property that $|\psi_+(x)|= N |\psi_-(-x)|$. We remark that, the fast oscillating real discrete energy states discussed are likely to be confused with: reflectionless states, one dimensional version of von Neumann states of Hermitian and spectral singularity state of complex PT-symmetric potentials.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Realizing Quantum free-electron lasers: A critical analysis of experimental challenges and theoretical limits. (arXiv:1808.05829v1 [physics.acc-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2018-08-20 18:45

We examine the experimental requirements for realizing a high-gain Quantum free-electron laser (Quantum FEL). Beyond fundamental constraints on electron beam and undulator, we discuss optimized interaction geometries, include coherence properties along with the impact of diffraction, space-charge and spontaneous emission. Based on desired Quantum FEL properties, as well as current experimental capabilities, we provide a procedure for determining a corresponding set of experimental parameters. Even for an idealized situation, the combined constraints on space-charge and spontaneous emission put strong limits on sustaining the quantum regime over several gain lengths. Guided by these results we propose to shift the focus towards seeded Quantum FELs instead of continuing to aim for self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE). Moreover, we point out the necessity of a rigorous quantum theory for spontaneous emission as well as for space-charge in order to identify possible loopholes in our line of argument.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Gravitational mass of composite systems. (arXiv:1808.05831v1 [gr-qc])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2018-08-20 18:45

The equivalence principle in combination with the special relativistic equivalence between mass and energy, $E=mc^2$, is one of the cornerstones of general relativity. However, for composite systems a long-standing result in general relativity asserts that the gravitational mass is not simply equal to the total energy. This seeming anomaly is supported by all explicit, general relativistic derivations of the dynamics of bound systems, and is only avoided after time-averaging. Here we rectify this misconception and derive from first principles the correct gravitational mass of a generic bound system in curved space-time. Our results clarify a lasting conundrum in general relativity and show how the weak and strong equivalence principles naturally manifest themselves for composite systems. The results are crucial for describing new effects due to the quantization of the interaction between gravity and composite systems.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Electromagnetically Induced Transparency of On-demand Single Photons in a Hybrid Quantum Network. (arXiv:1808.05921v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2018-08-20 18:45

Long range quantum communication and quantum information processing require the development of light-matter interfaces for distributed quantum networks. Even though photons are ideal candidates for network links to transfer quantum information, the system of choice for the realization of quantum nodes has not been identified yet. Ideally, one strives for a hybrid network architecture, which will consist of different quantum systems, combining the strengths of each system. However, interfacing different quantum systems via photonic channels remains a major challenge because a detailed understanding of the underlying light-matter interaction is missing. Here, we show the coherent manipulation of single photons generated on-demand from a semiconductor quantum dot using a rubidium vapor quantum memory, forming a hybrid quantum network. We demonstrate the engineering of the photons' temporal wave function using four-level atoms and the creation of a new type of electromagnetic induced transparency for quantum dot photons on resonance with rubidium transitions. Given the short lifetime of our quantum dot transition the observed dynamics cannot be explained in the established steady-state picture. Our results play a pivotal role in understanding quantum light-matter interactions at short time scales. These findings demonstrate a fundamental active node to construct future large-scale hybrid quantum networks.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Classification and Measurement of Multipartite Quantum Entanglements. (arXiv:1205.2339v4 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2018-08-20 18:45

This paper presents a new measure of entanglement which can be employed for multipartite entangled systems. The classification of multipartite entangled systems based on this measure is considered. Two approaches to applying this measure to mixed quantum states are discussed.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantum gradient descent and Newton's method for constrained polynomial optimization. (arXiv:1612.01789v4 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2018-08-20 18:45

Optimization problems in disciplines such as machine learning are commonly solved with iterative methods. Gradient descent algorithms find local minima by moving along the direction of steepest descent while Newton's method takes into account curvature information and thereby often improves convergence. Here, we develop quantum versions of these iterative optimization algorithms and apply them to polynomial optimization with a unit norm constraint. In each step, multiple copies of the current candidate are used to improve the candidate using quantum phase estimation, an adapted quantum principal component analysis scheme, as well as quantum matrix multiplications and inversions. The required operations perform polylogarithmically in the dimension of the solution vector and exponentially in the number of iterations. Therefore, the quantum algorithm can be beneficial for high-dimensional problems where a small number of iterations is sufficient.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Pulsed Generation of Quantum Coherences and Non-classicality in Light-Matter Systems. (arXiv:1706.07761v3 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2018-08-20 18:45

We show that a pulsed stimulus can be used to generate many-body quantum coherences in light-matter systems of general size. Specifically, we calculate the exact real-time evolution of a driven, generic out-of-equilibrium system comprising an arbitrary number N qubits coupled to a global boson field. A novel form of dynamically-driven quantum coherence emerges for general N and without having to access the empirically challenging strong-coupling regime. Its properties depend on the speed of the changes in the stimulus. Non-classicalities arise within each subsystem that have eluded previous analyses. Our findings show robustness to losses and noise, and have potential functional implications at the systems level for a variety of nanosystems, including collections of N atoms, molecules, spins, or superconducting qubits in cavities -- and possibly even vibration-enhanced light harvesting processes in macromolecules.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### An Infinite Family of Circulant Graphs with Perfect State Transfer in Discrete Quantum Walks. (arXiv:1707.06703v3 [math.CO] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2018-08-20 18:45

We study perfect state transfer in Kendon's model of discrete quantum walks. In particular, we give a characterization of perfect state transfer purely in terms of the graph spectra, and construct an infinite family of $4$-regular circulant graphs that admit perfect state transfer. Prior to our work, the only known infinite families of examples were variants of cycles and diamond chains.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Inelastic scattering of microwave radiation in the dynamical Coulomb blockade. (arXiv:1803.06654v2 [cond-mat.supr-con] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2018-08-20 18:45

We study scattering of propagating microwave fields by a DC-voltage biased Josephson junction. At sub-gap voltages, a small Josephson junction works merely as a non-linear boundary that can absorb, amplify, and diversely convert propagating microwaves. In the leading-order perturbation theory of the Josephson coupling energy, the spectral density and quadrature fluctuations of scattered thermal and coherent radiation can be described in terms of the well-known $P(E)$ function. Applying this, we study how thermal and coherent radiation is absorbed and amplified in an Ohmic transmission line and in a circuit with a resonance frequency. We show when a coherent input can create a two-mode squeezed output. In addition, we evaluate scattering amplitudes between arbitrary photon-number (Fock) states, characterizing individual photon multiplication and absorption processes occuring at the junction.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Work Statistics, Loschmidt Echo and Information Scrambling in Chaotic Quantum Systems. (arXiv:1804.09188v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2018-08-20 18:45

Characterizing the work statistics of driven complex quantum systems is generally challenging because of the exponential growth with the system size of the number of transitions involved between different energy levels. We consider the quantum work distribution associated with the driving of chaotic quantum systems described by random matrix Hamiltonians and characterize exactly the work statistics associated with a sudden quench for arbitrary temperature and system size. Knowledge of the work statistics yields the Loschmidt echo dynamics of an entangled state between two copies of the system of interest, the thermofield double state. This echo dynamics is dictated by the spectral form factor. We discuss its relation to frame potentials and its use to assess information scrambling.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Excitonic Coupled-cluster Theory. (arXiv:1709.01966v4 [physics.chem-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2018-08-20 18:45

A variant of coupled-cluster theory is described here, wherein the degrees of freedom are fluctuations of fragments between internally correlated states. The effects of intra-fragment correlation on the inter-fragment interaction are pre-computed and permanently folded into an effective Hamiltonian, thus avoiding redundant evaluations of local relaxations associated with coupled fluctuations. A companion article shows that a low-scaling step may be used to cast the electronic Hamiltonians of real systems into the form required. Two proof-of-principle demonstrations are presented here for non-covalent interactions. One uses harmonic oscillators, for which accuracy and algorithm structure can be carefully controlled in comparisons. The other uses small electronic systems (Be atoms) to demonstrate compelling accuracy and efficiency, also when inter-fragment electron exchange and charge transfer must be handled. Since the cost of the global calculation does not depend directly on the correlation models used for the fragments, this should provide a way to incorporate difficult electronic structure problems into large systems. This framework opens a promising path for building tunable, systematically improvable methods to capture properties of systems interacting with a large number of other systems. The extension to excited states is also straightforward.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Systematically Improvable Excitonic Hamiltonians for Electronic Structure Theory. (arXiv:1709.01969v4 [physics.chem-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2018-08-20 18:45

We show here that the Hamiltonian for an electronic system may be written exactly in terms of fluctuation operators that transition constituent fragments between internally correlated states, accounting rigorously for inter-fragment electron exchange and charge transfer. Familiar electronic structure approaches can be applied to the renormalized Hamiltonian. For efficiency, the basis for each fragment can be truncated, removing high-energy local arrangements of electrons from consideration, and effectively defining collective coordinates for the fragments. For a large number of problems (especially for non-covalently interacting fragments), this has the potential to fold the majority of electron correlation into the effective Hamiltonian, and it should provide a robust approach to incorporating difficult electronic structure problems into large systems. The number of terms in the exactly transformed Hamiltonian formally scales quartically with system size, but this can be reduced to quadratic in the mesoscopic regime, to within an arbitrary error tolerance. Finally, all but a linear-scaling number of these terms may be efficiently decomposed in terms of electrostatic interactions between a linear-scaling number of pre-computed transition densities. In a companion article, this formalism is applied to an excitonic variant of coupled-cluster theory.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Fixed points and emergent topological phenomena in a parity-time-symmetric quantum quench. (arXiv:1806.10268v2 [cond-mat.quant-gas] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2018-08-20 18:45

We identify emergent topological phenomena such as dynamic Chern numbers and dynamic quantum phase transitions in quantum quenches of the non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger Hamiltonian with parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry. Their occurrence in the non-unitary dynamics are intimately connected with fixed points in the Brillouin zone, where the states do not evolve in time. We construct a theoretical formalism for characterizing topological properties in non-unitary dynamics within the framework of biorthogonal quantum mechanics, and prove the existence of fixed points for quenches between distinct static topological phases in the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry-preserving regime. We then reveal the interesting relation between different dynamic topological phenomena through the momentum-time spin texture characterizing the dynamic process. For quenches involving Hamiltonians in the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry-broken regime, these topological phenomena are not ensured.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Photonic graph state generation from quantum dots and color centers for quantum communications. (arXiv:1801.02754v3 [cond-mat.mes-hall] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2018-08-20 18:45

Highly entangled graph states of photons have applications in universal quantum computing and in quantum communications. In the latter context, they have been proposed as the key ingredient in the establishment of long-distance entanglement across quantum repeater networks. Recently, a general deterministic approach to generate repeater graph states from quantum emitters was given. However, a detailed protocol for the generation of such states from realistic systems is still needed in order to guide experiments. Here, we provide such explicit protocols for the generation of repeater graph states from two types of quantum emitters: NV centers in diamond and self-assembled quantum dots. A crucial element of our designs is an efficient controlled-Z gate between the emitter and a nuclear spin, used as an ancilla qubit. Additionally, a fast protocol for using pairs of exchange-coupled quantum dots to produce repeater graph states is described. Our focus is on near-term experiments feasible with existing experimental capabilities.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Scheme to Equilibrate the Quantized Hall Response of Topological Systems from Coherent Dynamics. (arXiv:1807.09732v2 [cond-mat.quant-gas] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2018-08-20 18:45

Two-dimensional topologically distinct insulators are separated by topological gapless points, which exist as Weyl points in three-dimensional momentum space. Slowly varying parameters in the two-dimensional Hamiltonian across two distinct phases therefore necessarily experiences the gap closing process, which prevents the intrinsic physical observable, the Hall response, from equilibrating. To equilibrate the Hall response, engineered laser noises were introduced at the price of destroying the quantum coherence. Here we demonstrate a new scheme to equilibrate the quantized Hall response from pure coherent dynamics as the Hamiltonian is slowly tuned from the topologically trivial to nontrivial regimes. We show the elements that affect the process of equilibration including the sequence when the electric field is switched on, its strength and the band dispersion of the final Hamiltonian. We further apply our method to Weyl semimetals in three dimensions and find the equilibrated Hall response despite the underlying gapless band structure. Our finding not only lays the theoretical foundation for observing the two-dimensional topological phase transition but also for observing and controlling Weyl semimetals in ultracold atomic gases.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Cosmic Bell Test Using Random Measurement Settings from High-Redshift Quasars

Author(s): Dominik Rauch, Johannes Handsteiner, Armin Hochrainer, Jason Gallicchio, Andrew S. Friedman, Calvin Leung, Bo Liu, Lukas Bulla, Sebastian Ecker, Fabian Steinlechner, Rupert Ursin, Beili Hu, David Leon, Chris Benn, Adriano Ghedina, Massimo Cecconi, Alan H. Guth, David I. Kaiser, Thomas Scheidl, and Anton Zeilinger

Two groups have ruled out local realism on cosmic scales, one using stars and also closing the detection loophole, the other using distant quasars.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 080403] Published Mon Aug 20, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Test of Local Realism into the Past without Detection and Locality Loopholes

Author(s): Ming-Han Li, Cheng Wu, Yanbao Zhang, Wen-Zhao Liu, Bing Bai, Yang Liu, Weijun Zhang, Qi Zhao, Hao Li, Zhen Wang, Lixing You, W. J. Munro, Juan Yin, Jun Zhang, Cheng-Zhi Peng, Xiongfeng Ma, Qiang Zhang, Jingyun Fan, and Jian-Wei Pan

Two groups have ruled out local realism on cosmic scales, one using stars and also closing the detection loophole, the other using distant quasars.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 080404] Published Mon Aug 20, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Ignition of quantum cascade lasers in a state of oscillating electric field domains

Author(s): David O. Winge, Emmanuel Dupont, and Andreas Wacker

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are generally designed to avoid negative differential conductivity (NDC) in the vicinity of the operation point in order to prevent instabilities. We demonstrate that the threshold condition is possible under an inhomogeneous distribution of the electric field (domains)...

[Phys. Rev. A 98, 023834] Published Mon Aug 20, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics