## Physics

### Optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio of biphoton distribution measurements. (arXiv:1802.00489v2 [physics.ins-det] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-02-06 19:45

Single-photon-sensitive cameras can now be used as massively parallel coincidence counters for entangled photon pairs. This enables measurement of biphoton joint probability distributions with orders-of-magnitude greater dimensionality and faster acquisition speeds than traditional raster scanning of point detectors; to date, however, there has been no general formula available to optimize data collection. Here we analyze the dependence of such measurements on count rate, detector noise properties, and threshold levels. We derive expressions for the biphoton joint probability distribution and its signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), valid beyond the low-count regime up to detector saturation. The analysis gives operating parameters for global optimum SNR that may be specified prior to measurement. We find excellent agreement with experimental measurements within the range of validity, and discuss discrepancies with the theoretical model for high thresholds. This work enables optimized measurement of the biphoton joint probability distribution in high-dimensional joint Hilbert spaces.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Relaxation in Quantum Systems. (arXiv:1802.00267v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-02-06 19:45

A new discrete model for energy relaxation of a quantum particle is described via a projection operator, causing the wave function collapse. Power laws for the evolution of the particle coordinate and momentum dispersions are derived. A new dissipative Schrodinger equation is proposed and solved for particular cases. A new dissipative Liouville equation is heuristically constructed.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Towards experiments to test violation of the original Bell inequality. (arXiv:1801.09663v4 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-02-06 19:45

The aim of this note is to attract attention of experimenters to the original Bell (OB) inequality which was shadowed by the common consideration of the CHSH inequality. There are two reasons to test the OB inequality and not the CHSH inequality. First of all, the OB inequality is a straightforward consequence to the EPR-argumentation. And only this inequality is related to the EPR-Bohr debate. However, the last statement can be objected by some experts working in quantum foundations. Therefore to convince experimenters to perform the OB-violation experiment, we prefer to concentrate on the second distinguishing feature of the OB inequality which was emphasized by I. Pitowsky. He pointed out that the OB inequality provides a higher degree of violations of classicality than the CHSH inequality. The main problem is that the OB inequality is derived under the assumption of perfect (anti-) correlations. However, the last years were characterized by the amazing development of quantum technologies. Nowadays, there exist sources producing with very high probability the pairs of photons in the singlet state. Moreover, the efficiency of photon detectors was improved tremendously. In any event one can start by proceeding with the fair sampling assumption. Another possibility is to use the scheme of Hensen et al. experiment for entangled electrons.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Correspondence between maximally entangled states in discrete and Gaussian regimes. (arXiv:1801.08296v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-02-06 19:45

We study a general corresponding principle between discrete-variable quantum states and continuous-variable (especially, restricted on Gaussian) states via quantum purification method. In the previous work, we have already investigated an information-theoretic correspondence between the Gaussian maximally mixed states (GMMSs) and their purifications known as Gaussian maximally entangled states (GMESs) in [Phys. Lett. A {\bf 380}, 3607 (2016)]. We here compare an $N\times N$-dimensional maximally entangled state to the GMES we proposed previously, through an explicit calculation of quantum fidelity between those entangled states. By exploiting the results, we naturally conclude that our GMES is more suitable to the concept of \emph{maximally entangled} state in Gaussian quantum information, and thus it might be useful or applicable for quantum information tasks than the two-mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV) state in the Gaussian regime.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantum Information metric for time-dependent quantum systems and higher-order corrections. (arXiv:1801.03394v3 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-02-06 19:45

It is well established that quantum criticality is one of the most intriguing phenomena which signals the presence of new states of matter. Without prior knowledge of the local order parameter, the quantum information metric (or fidelity susceptibility) can indicate the presence of a phase transition as well as it measures distance between quantum states. In this work, we calculate distance between quantum states which is equal to the fidelity susceptibility in quantum model for a time-dependent system describing a two-level atom coupled to a time-driven external field. As inspired by the Landau-Lifshitz quantum model, we find in the present work information metric induced by fidelity susceptibility. We for the first time derive a higher-order rank-3 tensor as third-order fidelity susceptibility. Having computed quantum noise function in this simple time-dependent model we show that the noise function eternally lasts long in our model.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Unitary $n$-designs via random quenches in atomic Hubbard and Spin models: Application to the measurement of R\'enyi entropies. (arXiv:1801.00999v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-02-06 19:45

We present a general framework for the generation of random unitaries based on random quenches in atomic Hubbard and spin models, forming approximate unitary $n$-designs, and their application to the measurement of R\'enyi entropies. We generalize our protocol presented in [Elben2017: arXiv:1709.05060, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett.] to a broad class of atomic and spin lattice models. We further present an in-depth numerical and analytical study of experimental imperfections, including the effect of decoherence and statistical errors, and discuss connections of our approach with many-body quantum chaos.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### An Efficient Methodology for Mapping Quantum Circuits to the IBM QX Architectures. (arXiv:1712.04722v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-02-06 19:45

In the past years, quantum computers more and more evolved from an academic idea to an upcoming reality. IBM's project IBM Q can be seen as evidence of this progress. Launched in March 2017 with the goal to provide access to quantum computers for a broad audience, this allowed users to conduct quantum experiments on a 5-qubit and, since June 2017, also on a 16-qubit quantum computer (called IBM QX2 and IBM QX3, respectively). Revised versions of these 5-qubit and 16-qubit quantum computer (named IBM QX4 and IBM QX5, respectively) are available since September 2017. In order to use these, the desired quantum functionality (e.g. provided in terms of a quantum circuit) has to properly be mapped so that the underlying physical constraints are satisfied - a complex task. This demands for solutions to automatically and efficiently conduct this mapping process. In this paper, we propose a methodology which addresses this problem, i.e. maps the given quantum functionality to a realization which satisfies all constraints given by the architecture and, at the same time, keeps the overhead in terms of additionally required quantum gates minimal. The proposed methodology is generic, can easily be configured for future architectures, and is fully integrated into IBM's SDK. Experimental evaluations show that the proposed approach clearly outperforms IBM's own mapping solution. In fact, for many quantum circuits, the proposed approach determines a mapping to the IBM architecture within less than five minutes (and within a fraction of a second in most cases), while IBM's solution suffers from long runtimes and runs into a timeout of 1 hour in several cases. As an additional benefit, the proposed approach yields mapped circuits with smaller costs (i.e. fewer additional gates are required).

Categories: Journals, Physics

### The statistical properties of q-deformed Morse potential for some diatomic molecules. (arXiv:1711.04358v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-02-06 19:45

In this paper we present a closed-form expression of the vibrational partition function for the one-dimensional q-deformed Morse potential energy model. Through this function the related thermodynamic functions are derived and studied in terms of the parameters of the model. Specially, we plotted the q-deformed vibrational partition function, and vibrational specific heat for some diatomic molecule systems such as H2, HCl, LiH and CO. The idea of a critical temperature T_{C} is introduced in relation to the specific heat.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantum Simulation of Electronic Structure with Linear Depth and Connectivity. (arXiv:1711.04789v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-02-06 19:45

As physical implementations of quantum architectures emerge, it is increasingly important to consider the cost of algorithms for practical connectivities between qubits. We show that by using an arrangement of gates that we term the fermionic swap network, we can simulate a Trotter step of the electronic structure Hamiltonian in exactly $N$ depth and with $N^2/2$ two-qubit entangling gates, and prepare arbitrary Slater determinants in at most $N/2$ depth, all assuming only a minimal, linearly connected architecture. We conjecture that no explicit Trotter step of the electronic structure Hamiltonian is possible with fewer entangling gates, even with arbitrary connectivities. These results represent significant practical improvements on the cost of most Trotter based algorithms for both variational and phase estimation based simulation of quantum chemistry.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantum to classical transition in the Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz quantum cosmology. (arXiv:1711.02627v2 [gr-qc] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-02-06 19:45

A quasi-Gaussian quantum superposition of Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz (HL) stationary states is built in order to describe the transition of the quantum cosmological problem to the related classical dynamics. The obtained HL phase-space superposed Wigner function and its associated Wigner currents describe the conditions for the matching between classical and quantum phase-space trajectories. The matching quantum superposition parameter is associated to the total energy of the classical trajectory which, at the same time, drives the engendered Wigner function to the classical stationary regime. Through the analysis of the Wigner flows, the quantum fluctuations that distort the classical regime can be quantified as a measure of (non)classicality. Finally, the modifications to the Wigner currents due to the inclusion of perturbative potentials are computed in the HL quantum cosmological context. In particular, the inclusion of a cosmological constant provides complementary information that allows for connecting the age of the Universe with the overall stiff matter density profile.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Floquet engineering of localized propagation of light in waveguide array. (arXiv:1710.06046v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-02-06 19:45

The light propagating in a waveguide array or photonic lattice has become an ideal platform to control light and to mimic quantum behaviors in a classical system. We here investigate the propagation of light in a coupled waveguide array with one of the waveguides periodically modulated in its geometric structure or refractive index. Within the framework of Floquet theory, it is interesting to find that the light shows the localized propagation in the modulated waveguide as long as bound quasistationary modes are formed in the band-gap area of the Floquet eigenvalue spectrum. This mechanism gives a useful instruction to confine light via engineering the periodic structure to form the bound modes. It also serves as a classical simulation of decoherence control via temporally periodic driving in open quantum systems.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### On the waiting time in quantum repeaters with probabilistic entanglement swapping. (arXiv:1710.06214v3 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-02-06 19:45

The standard approach to realize a quantum repeater relies upon probabilistic but heralded entangled state manipulations and the storage of quantum states while waiting for successful events. In the literature on this class of repeaters, calculating repeater rates has typically depended on approximations assuming sufficiently small probabilities. Here we propose an exact and systematic approach including an algorithm based on Markov chains theory to compute the average waiting time (and hence the transmission rates) of quantum repeaters with arbitrary numbers of links. For up to four repeater segments, we present the exact rate formulae for arbitrary entanglement swapping probabilities. The effect of finite memory times is also considered and the relative influence of the classical communication (of heralded signals) is shown to grow significantly for larger probabilities. Conversely, we demonstrate that for small swapping probabilities the standard deviation of the waiting time is too large to be ignored in certain applications. We test and verify our analytical results through additional numerical simulations.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Nonanomalous measure of realism-based nonlocality. (arXiv:1709.04783v3 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-02-06 19:45

Based on a recently proposed model of physical reality and an underlying criterion of nonlocality for contexts [A. L. O. Bilobran and R. M. Angelo, Europhys. Lett. {\bf 112}, 40005 (2015)], we introduce a quantifier of realism-based nonlocality for bipartite quantum states, a concept that is profoundly different from Bell nonlocality. We prove that this measure reduces to entanglement for pure states, thus being free of anomalies in arbitrary dimensions, and identify the class of states with null realism-based nonlocality. Then we show that such a notion of nonlocality can be positioned in a low level within the hierarchy of quantumness quantifiers, meaning that it can occur even for separable states. These results open a different perspective for nonlocality studies.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### An application of the measurement of expectation values for the photon annihilation and creation operators. (arXiv:1709.01697v3 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2018-02-06 19:45

Motivated by the readout scheme in interferometric gravitational-wave detectors, we consider the device which measures the expectation value of the photon annihilation and creation operators for output optical field from the main interferometer. As the result, the eight-port homodyne detection is rediscovered as such a device. We evaluate the noise spectral density in this measurement. We also briefly discuss on the application of our results to the readout scheme of gravitational-wave detectors. We call this measurement scheme to measure these expectation values as "double balanced homodyne detection."

Categories: Journals, Physics

### <i>In situ</i> realization of particlelike scattering states in a microwave cavity

Author(s): Julian Böhm, Andre Brandstötter, Philipp Ambichl, Stefan Rotter, and Ulrich Kuhl

We realize scattering states in a lossy and chaotic two-dimensional microwave cavity which follow bundles of classical particle trajectories. To generate such particlelike scattering states, we measure the system's complex transmission matrix and apply an adapted Wigner-Smith time-delay formalism to...

[Phys. Rev. A 97, 021801(R)] Published Tue Feb 06, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Waveguide quantum electrodynamics in squeezed vacuum

Author(s): Jieyu You, Zeyang Liao, Sheng-Wen Li, and M. Suhail Zubairy

We study the dynamics of a general multiemitter system coupled to the squeezed vacuum reservoir and derive a master equation for this system based on the Weisskopf-Wigner approximation. In this theory, we include the effect of positions of the squeezing sources which is usually neglected in the prev...

[Phys. Rev. A 97, 023810] Published Tue Feb 06, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

Author(s): Hassan Oukraou, Virginie Coda, Andon A. Rangelov, and Germano Montemezzani

We propose an adiabatic method for the robust transfer of light between the two outer waveguides in a three-waveguide directional coupler. Unlike the established technique inherited from stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), the method proposed here is symmetric with respect to an exchange of...

[Phys. Rev. A 97, 023811] Published Tue Feb 06, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Spectral dynamics of square pulses in passively mode-locked fiber lasers

Author(s): Georges Semaan, Andrey Komarov, Alioune Niang, Mohamed Salhi, and François Sanchez

We investigate experimentally and numerically the spectral dynamics of square pulses generated in passively mode-locked fiber lasers under the dissipative soliton resonance. The features of the transition from the single-peak spectral profile to the doublet spectrum with increasing pump power are st...

[Phys. Rev. A 97, 023812] Published Tue Feb 06, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Synopsis: Having the Edge on Optical Losses

APS Physics - Tue, 2018-02-06 12:00

An optical version of a topological insulator exhibits edge states that could be used to reduce scattering losses in optical waveguides.

[Physics] Published Tue Feb 06, 2018

Categories: Physics

### Fully device-independent conference key agreement

PRA: Quantum information - Tue, 2018-02-06 12:00

Author(s): Jérémy Ribeiro, Gláucia Murta, and Stephanie Wehner

We present a security analysis of conference key agreement (CKA) in the most adversarial model of device independence (DI). Our protocol can be implemented by any experimental setup that is capable of performing Bell tests [specifically, the Mermin-Ardehali-Belinskii-Klyshko (MABK) inequality], and ...

[Phys. Rev. A 97, 022307] Published Tue Feb 06, 2018

Categories: Journals, Physics