## Physics

### An even simpler understanding of quantum weak values. (arXiv:1705.08839v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2017-05-30 12:45

We explain the properties and clarify the meaning of quantum weak values using only the basic notions of elementary quantum mechanics.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Holography as deep learning. (arXiv:1705.05750v2 [gr-qc] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2017-05-30 12:45

Quantum many-body problem with exponentially large degrees of freedom can be reduced to a tractable computational form by neural network method \cite{CT}. The power of deep neural network (DNN) based on deep learning is clarified by mapping it to renormalization group (RG), which may shed lights on holographic principle by identifying a sequence of RG transformations to the AdS geometry. In this essay, we show that any network which reflects RG process has intrinsic hyperbolic geometry, and discuss the structure of entanglement encoded in the graph of DNN. We find the entanglement structure of deep neural network is of Ryu-Takayanagi form. Based on these facts, we argue that the emergence of holographic gravitational theory is related to deep learning process of the quantum field theory.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Constrains of Charge-to-Mass Ratios on Noncommutative Phase Space. (arXiv:1705.05789v2 [hep-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2017-05-30 12:45

Based on recent measurements on the charge-to-mass ratios of proton and anti-proton, we study constraints on the parameters of noncommutative phase space. We find that while the limit on the parameter of coordinate noncommutativity is weak, it is very strong on the parameter of momentum noncommutativity, $\sqrt{\xi} \lesssim {\rm 1\mu eV}$. Therefore, the charge-to-mass ratio experiment has a strong sensitivity on the momentum noncommutativity, and enhancement of future experimental achievement can further pin down the momentum noncommutativity.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Deeper Cooling of Micromechanical Motion by Quadrature Squeezing Beyond the Resolved Sideband Limit. (arXiv:1705.04936v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2017-05-30 12:45

Cavity optomechanics provides a unique platform to control the micro-mechanical systems by optical fields which covers the classical-quantum boundary to fulfill the theoretical foundations of quantum technologies. The opto-mechanical resonators are the promising candidates to develop precisely controlled nano-motors, ultra-sensitive sensors and robust quantum information processors. For all these applications, a crucial step is to cool the micro-mechanical resonators down to their quantum ground states with a very low effective temperature. In this paper, we come up with a novel approach to further cool the micro-mechanical resonator by making use of the quadrature squeezing effect. One "hotter" quadrature with an enhanced fluctuation induced by the squeezing of the other can be further cooled by the conventional optomechanical couplings. Our theoretical and numerical investigations demonstrate that this method is physically feasible and practically effective for deeper cooling of the mechanical resonator to its coldest temperature ever.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### The present situation in quantum theory and its merging with general relativity. (arXiv:1704.04679v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2017-05-30 12:45

We discuss the problems of quantum theory (QT) complicating its merging with general relativity (GR). QT is treated as a general theory of micro-phenomena - a bunch of models. Quantum mechanics (QM) and quantum field theory (QFT) are the most widely known (but, e.g., Bohmian mechanics is also a part of QT). The basic problems of QM and QFT are considered in interrelation. For QM, we stress its nonrelativistic character and the presence of spooky action at a distance. For QFT, we highlight the old problem of infinities. And this is the main point of the paper: it is meaningless to try to unify QFT so heavily suffering of infinities with GR. We also highlight difficulties of the QFT-treatment of entanglement. We compare the QFT and QM based measurement theories by presenting both theoretical and experimental viewpoints. Then we discuss two basic mathematical constraints of both QM and QFT, namely, the use of real (and, hence, complex) numbers and the Hilbert state space. We briefly present non-Archimedean and non-Hilbertian approaches to QT and their consequences. Finally, we claim that, in spite of the Bell theorem, it is still possible to treat quantum phenomena on the basis of a classical-like causal theory. We present a random field model generating the QM and QFT formalisms. This emergence viewpoint can serve as the basis for unification of novel QT (may be totally different from presently powerful QM and QFT) and general relativity GR. (It may happen that the latter would also be revolutionary modified.)

Categories: Journals, Physics

### The Hilbert Space of Quantum Gravity Is Locally Finite-Dimensional. (arXiv:1704.00066v2 [hep-th] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2017-05-30 12:45

We argue in a model-independent way that the Hilbert space of quantum gravity is locally finite-dimensional. In other words, the density operator describing the state corresponding to a small region of space, when such a notion makes sense, is defined on a finite-dimensional factor of a larger Hilbert space. Because quantum gravity potentially describes superpo- sitions of different geometries, it is crucial that we associate Hilbert-space factors with spatial regions only on individual decohered branches of the universal wave function. We discuss some implications of this claim, including the fact that quantum field theory cannot be a fundamental description of Nature.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### A robust boson dispenser: Quantum state preparation in interacting many-particle systems. (arXiv:1703.02189v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2017-05-30 12:45

We present a technique to control the spatial state of a small cloud of interacting particles at low temperatures with almost perfect fidelity using spatial adiabatic passage. To achieve this, the resonant trap energies of the system are engineered in such a way that a single, well-defined eigenstate connects the initial and desired states and is isolated from the rest of the spectrum. We apply this procedure to the task of separating a well-defined number of particles from an initial cloud and show that it can be implemented in radio-frequency traps using experimentally realistic parameters.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### On Complexity for Higher Derivative Gravities. (arXiv:1702.06796v3 [hep-th] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2017-05-30 12:45

Using "complexity=action" proposal we study complexity growth of certain gravitational theories containing higher derivative terms. These include critical gravity in diverse dimensions. One observes that the complexity growth for neutral black holes saturates the proposed bound when the results are written in terms of physical quantities of the model. We will also study effects of shock wave to the complexity growth where we find that the presence of massive spin-2 mode slows down the rate of growth.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Mobile Spin Impurity in an Optical Lattice. (arXiv:1702.05097v2 [cond-mat.quant-gas] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2017-05-30 12:45

We investigate the Fermi polaron problem in a spin-1/2 Fermi gas in an optical lattice for the limit of both strong repulsive contact interactions and one dimension. In this limit, a polaronic-like behaviour is not expected, and the physics is that of a magnon or impurity. While the charge degrees of freedom of the system are frozen, the resulting tight-binding Hamiltonian for the impurity's spin exhibits an intriguing structure that strongly depends on the filling factor of the lattice potential. This filling dependency also transfers to the nature of the interactions for the case of two magnons and the important spin balanced case. At low filling, and up until near unit filling, the single impurity Hamiltonian faithfully reproduces a single-band, quasi-homogeneous tight-binding problem. As the filling is increased and the second band of the single particle spectrum of the periodic potential is progressively filled, the impurity Hamiltonian, at low energies, describes a single particle trapped in a multi-well potential. Interestingly, once the first two bands are fully filled, the impurity Hamiltonian is a near-perfect realisation of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. Our studies, which go well beyond the single-band approximation, that is, the Hubbard model, pave the way for the realisation of interacting one-dimensional models of condensed matter physics.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantum Quench and Scaling of Entanglement Entropy. (arXiv:1702.04359v3 [hep-th] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2017-05-30 12:45

Global quantum quench with a finite quench rate which crosses critical points is known to lead to universal scaling of correlation functions as functions of the quench rate. In this work, we explore scaling properties of the entanglement entropy of a subsystem in a harmonic chain during a mass quench which asymptotes to finite constant values at early and late times and for which the dynamics is exactly solvable. When the initial state is the ground state, we find that for large enough subsystem sizes the entanglement entropy becomes independent of size. This is consistent with Kibble-Zurek scaling for slow quenches, and with recently discussed "fast quench scaling" for quenches fast compared to physical scales, but slow compared to UV cutoff scales.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quasi-Bell inequalities from symmetrized products of noncommuting qubit observables. (arXiv:1509.08539v5 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2017-05-30 12:45

Noncommuting observables cannot be simultaneously measured, however, under local hidden variable models, they must simultaneously hold premeasurement values, implying the existence of a joint probability distribution. We study the joint distributions of noncommuting observables on qubits, with possible criteria of positivity and the Fr\'echet bounds limiting the joint probabilities, concluding that the latter may be negative. We use symmetrization, justified heuristically and then more carefully via the Moyal characteristic function, to find the quantum operator corresponding to the product of noncommuting observables. This is then used to construct Quasi-Bell inequalities, Bell inequalities containing products of noncommuting observables, on two qubits. These inequalities place limits on local hidden variable models that define joint probabilities for noncommuting observables. We find Quasi-Bell inequalities have a quantum to classical violation as high as $\frac{3}{2}$, higher than conventional Bell inequalities. The result demonstrates the theoretical importance of noncommutativity in the nonlocality of quantum mechanics, and provides an insightful generalization of Bell inequalities.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Viewpoint: Relaxation is a Two-Step Process for Metallic Glasses

APS Physics - Tue, 2017-05-30 12:00

Author(s): Simone Capaccioli and Giancarlo Ruocco

Measurements of several metallic glasses under strain reveal that the materials relieve stress through a two-step process that has previously been seen only in “softer” glasses.

[Physics 10, 58] Published Tue May 30, 2017

Categories: Physics

### Focus: Small Space Makes a Strong Electric Field

APS Physics - Tue, 2017-05-30 12:00

Author(s): Mark Buchanan

A carefully shaped air gap in a silicon block would concentrate laser light enough to produce photons that interact with one another, even using a weak laser beam, according to theory.

[Physics 10, 59] Published Tue May 30, 2017

Categories: Physics