## Physics

### Effects of Efimov states on quench dynamics in a three-boson trapped system. (arXiv:2208.05666v2 [cond-mat.quant-gas] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2022-08-23 17:45

We investigate the effects of Efimov states on the post-quench dynamics of a system of three identical bosons with contact interactions, in a spherically-symmetric three-dimensional harmonic trap, which undergoes a quench in interaction strength. Using known hyperspherical solutions to the static three-body problem we calculate semi-analytic results for the Ramsey signal and particle separation as functions of time after the system is quenched. We consider the quench from the non-interacting to strongly interacting and vice versa for a variety of possible Efimov state energies.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantum entanglement: an overview of the separability problem in two quantum bits. (arXiv:2208.04747v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2022-08-23 17:45

The separability problem is one of the basic and emergent problems in the present and future quantum information processing. The latter focuses on information and computing based on quantum mechanics and uses quantum bits as its basic information units. In this paper, we present an overview of the progress in the separability problem in bipartite systems, more specifically in two quantum bits systems from the criterion based on the inequalities of Bell in $1964$ to the recent criteria of separability in 2018.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Transformer Quantum State: A Multi-Purpose Model for Quantum Many-Body Problems. (arXiv:2208.01758v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2022-08-23 17:45

Inspired by the advancements in large language models based on transformers, we introduce the transformer quantum state (TQS), a versatile machine learning model for quantum many-body problems. In sharp contrast to Hamiltonian/task specific models, TQS can generate the entire phase diagram, predict field strengths with experimental measurements, and transfer such knowledge to new systems it has never seen before, all within a single model. With specific tasks, fine-tuning the TQS produces accurate results with small computational cost. Versatile by design, TQS can be easily adapted to new tasks, thereby pointing towards a general-purpose model for various challenging quantum problems.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Real-Time Krylov Theory for Quantum Computing Algorithms. (arXiv:2208.01063v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2022-08-23 17:45

Quantum computers provide new avenues to access ground and excited state properties of systems otherwise difficult to simulate on classical hardware. New approaches using subspaces generated by real-time evolution have shown efficiency in extracting eigenstate information, but the full capabilities of such approaches are still not understood. In recent work, we developed the variational quantum phase estimation (VQPE) method, a compact and efficient real-time algorithm to extract eigenvalues on quantum hardware. Here we build on that work by theoretically and numerically exploring a generalized Krylov scheme where the Krylov subspace is constructed through a parametrized real-time evolution, which applies to the VQPE algorithm as well as others. We establish an error bound that justifies the fast convergence of our spectral approximation. We also derive how the overlap with high energy eigenstates becomes suppressed from real-time subspace diagonalization and we visualize the process that shows the signature phase cancellations at specific eigenenergies. We investigate various algorithm implementations and consider performance when stochasticity is added to the target Hamiltonian in the form of spectral statistics. To demonstrate the practicality of such real-time evolution, we discuss its application to fundamental problems in quantum computation such as electronic structure predictions for strongly correlated systems.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Construction of general symmetric-informationally-complete-positive-operator-valued measures by using a complete orthogonal basis. (arXiv:2208.00578v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2022-08-23 17:45

A general symmetric-informationally-complete (GSIC)-positive-operator-valued measure (POVM) is known to provide an optimal quantum state tomography among minimal IC POVMs with a fixed average purity. In this paper we provide a general construction of a GSIC POVM by means of a complete orthogonal basis (COB), also interpreted as a normal quasiprobability representation. A spectral property of a COB is shown to play a key role in the construction of SIC POVMs and also for the bound of the mean-square error of the state tomography. In particular, a necessary and sufficient condition to construct a SIC POVM for any d is constructively given by the power of traces of a COB. We give three simple constructions of COBs from which one can systematically obtain GSIC POVMs.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Topological Speed Limit. (arXiv:2207.03319v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2022-08-23 17:45

Any physical system evolves at a finite speed that is constrained not only by the energetic cost but also by the topological structure of the underlying dynamics. In this Letter, by considering such structural information, we derive a unified topological speed limit for the evolution of physical states using an optimal transport approach. We prove that the minimum time required for changing states is lower bounded by the discrete Wasserstein distance, which encodes the topological information of the system, and the time-averaged velocity. The bound obtained is tight and applicable to a wide range of dynamics, from deterministic to stochastic, and classical to quantum systems. In addition, the bound provides insight into the design principles of the optimal process that attains the maximum speed. We demonstrate the application of our results to chemical reaction networks and interacting many-body quantum systems.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### An entanglement perspective on the quantum approximate optimization algorithm. (arXiv:2206.07024v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2022-08-23 17:45

Many quantum algorithms seek to output a specific bitstring solving the problem of interest--or a few if the solution is degenerate. It is the case for the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) in the limit of large circuit depth, which aims to solve quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems. Hence, the expected final state for these algorithms is either a product state or a low-entangled superposition involving a few bitstrings. What happens in between the initial $N$-qubit product state $\vert 0\rangle^{\otimes N}$ and the final one regarding entanglement? Here, we consider the QAOA algorithm for solving the paradigmatic Max-Cut problem on different types of graphs. We study the entanglement growth and spread resulting from randomized and optimized QAOA circuits and find that there is a volume-law entanglement barrier between the initial and final states. We also investigate the entanglement spectrum in connection with random matrix theory. In addition, we compare the entanglement production with a quantum annealing protocol aiming to solve the same Max-Cut problems. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for the simulation of QAOA circuits with tensor network-based methods relying on low-entanglement for efficiency, such as matrix product states.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Conditional Born machine for Monte Carlo event generation. (arXiv:2205.07674v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2022-08-23 17:45

Generative modeling is a promising task for near-term quantum devices, which can use the stochastic nature of quantum measurements as a random source. So called Born machines are purely quantum models and promise to generate probability distributions in a quantum way, inaccessible to classical computers. This paper presents an application of Born machines to Monte Carlo simulations and extends their reach to multivariate and conditional distributions. Models are run on (noisy) simulators and IBM Quantum superconducting quantum hardware.

More specifically, Born machines are used to generate muonic force carrier (MFC) events resulting from scattering processes between muons and the detector material in high-energy physics colliders experiments. MFCs are bosons appearing in beyond-the-standard-model theoretical frameworks, which are candidates for dark matter. Empirical evidence suggests that Born machines can reproduce the marginal distributions and correlations of data sets from Monte Carlo simulations.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Absolutely $k$-Incoherent Quantum States and Spectral Inequalities for Factor Width of a Matrix. (arXiv:2205.05110v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED)

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Tue, 2022-08-23 17:45

We investigate the set of quantum states that can be shown to be $k$-incoherent based only on their eigenvalues (equivalently, we explore which Hermitian matrices can be shown to have small factor width based only on their eigenvalues). In analogy with the absolute separability problem in quantum resource theory, we call these states "absolutely $k$-incoherent", and we derive several necessary and sufficient conditions for membership in this set. We obtain many of our results by making use of recent results concerning hyperbolicity cones associated with elementary symmetric polynomials.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Numerical analysis of quantum circuits for state preparation and unitary operator synthesis

PRA: Quantum information - Tue, 2022-08-23 12:00

Author(s): Sahel Ashhab, Naoki Yamamoto, Fumiki Yoshihara, and Kouichi Semba

We perform optimal-control-theory calculations to determine the minimum number of two-qubit controlled-not (cnot) gates needed to perform quantum state preparation and unitary operator synthesis for few-qubit systems. By considering all possible gate configurations, we determine the maximum achievab…

[Phys. Rev. A 106, 022426] Published Tue Aug 23, 2022

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Continuous quantum clock with high precision and long recurrence time

PRA: Quantum information - Tue, 2022-08-23 12:00

Author(s): Mehdi Ramezani, Morteza Nikaeen, and Alireza Bahrampour

Continuous clocks, i.e., clocks that measure time in a continuous manner, are regarded as an essential component of sensing technology. Precision and recurrence time are two basic features of continuous clocks. In this paper, in the framework of quantum estimation theory various models for continuou…

[Phys. Rev. A 106, 022427] Published Tue Aug 23, 2022

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Creating quantum correlations in generalized entanglement swapping

PRA: Quantum information - Tue, 2022-08-23 12:00

Author(s): Pratapaditya Bej, Arkaprabha Ghosal, Arup Roy, Shiladitya Mal, and Debarshi Das

We study how different types of quantum correlations can be established as the consequence of a generalized entanglement swapping protocol where, starting from two Bell pairs (1,2) and (3,4), a general quantum measurement [denoted by a positive operator-valued measure (POVM)] is performed on the pai…

[Phys. Rev. A 106, 022428] Published Tue Aug 23, 2022

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantum Cramér-Rao bound for quantum statistical models with parameter-dependent rank

PRA: Quantum information - Tue, 2022-08-23 12:00

Author(s): Yating Ye and Xiao-Ming Lu

Recently a widely used computation expression for quantum Fisher information was shown to be discontinuous at the parameter points where the rank of the parametric density operator changes. The quantum Cramér-Rao bound can be violated on such singular parameter points if one uses this computation ex…

[Phys. Rev. A 106, 022429] Published Tue Aug 23, 2022

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Qubit control noise spectroscopy with optimal suppression of dephasing

PRA: Quantum information - Tue, 2022-08-23 12:00

Author(s): Robert Barr, Yasuo Oda, Gregory Quiroz, B. David Clader, and Leigh M. Norris

We extend quantum noise spectroscopy (QNS) of amplitude control noise to settings where dephasing noise or detuning errors make significant contributions to qubit dynamics. Previous approaches to characterize amplitude noise are limited by their vulnerability to low-frequency dephasing noise and sta…

[Phys. Rev. A 106, 022425] Published Tue Aug 23, 2022

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Topological phase transitions at finite temperature. (arXiv:2208.08994v1 [cond-mat.str-el])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2022-08-22 16:45

The ground states of noninteracting fermions in one-dimension with chiral symmetry form a class of topological band insulators, described by a topological invariant that can be related to the Zak phase. Recently, a generalization of this quantity to mixed states - known as the ensemble geometric phase (EGP) - has emerged as a robust way to describe topology at non-zero temperature. By using this quantity, we explore the nature of topology allowed for dissipation beyond a Lindblad description, to allow for coupling to external baths at finite temperatures. We introduce two main aspects to the theory of mixed state topology. First, we discover topological phase transitions as a function of the temperature T, manifesting as changes in winding number of the EGP accumulated over a closed loop in parameter space. We characterize the nature of these transitions and reveal that the corresponding non-equilibrium steady state at the transition can exhibit a nontrivial structure - contrary to previous studies where it was found to be in a fully mixed state. Second, we demonstrate that the EGP itself becomes quantized when key symmetries are present, allowing it to be viewed as a topological marker which can undergo equilibrium topological transitions at non-zero temperatures.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Bulk-boundary correspondence for intrinsically-gapless SPTs from group cohomology. (arXiv:2208.09001v1 [cond-mat.str-el])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2022-08-22 16:45

While conventionally the province of gapped systems, symmetry protected topological (SPT) edge states can arise in gapless settings. A striking example are intrinsically gapless SPTs (igSPT): gapless systems with edge states that could not arise in a gapped system with the same symmetry and dimensionality. Previous works constructed one-dimensional igSPT models whose gapless bulk arose from an anomaly in the low-energy (IR) symmetry group that emerged from an extended anomaly-free microscopic (UV) symmetry. Yet, the connection between the igSPT edge states and bulk emergent anomaly remained unexplained. In this work, we construct a general framework for igSPT phases with emergent anomalies classified by group cohomology that establishes a direct connection between the emergent anomaly, group-extension, and topological edge states, and enables us to construct idealized lattice models. Specifically, we find that the extended UV symmetry operations pump lower dimensional SPTs onto the igSPT edge, tuning the edge to a (multi)critical point between different SPTs protected by the IR symmetry. In two- and three-dimensional systems, an additional possibility is that the emergent anomaly can be satisfied by an anomalous symmetry-enriched topological order, which we call a quotient-symmetry enriched topological order (QSET) that is sharply distinguished from the non-anomalous UV SETs by an edge phase transition.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### 'Prethermalization' in Conservative Nonsymplectic Periodically Driven Spin Systems. (arXiv:2208.09005v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2022-08-22 16:45

We analyze a new class of time-periodic dynamics in interacting chaotic classical spin systems, whose equations of motion are conservative (phase-space volume preserving) yet possess no symplectic structure. As a result, the dynamics of the system cannot be derived from any time-dependent Hamiltonian. In the high-frequency limit, we find that the magnetization dynamics features a long-lived metastable plateau, whose duration is controlled by the fourth power of the drive frequency. However, due to the lack of an effective Hamiltonian, the system does not evolve into a strictly prethermal state. We propose a Hamiltonian extension of the system using auxiliary degrees of freedom, in which the original spins constitute an open yet nondissipative subsystem. This allows us to perturbatively derive effective equations of motion that manifestly display symplecticity breaking at leading order in the inverse frequency. We thus extend the notion of prethermal dynamics, observed in the high-frequency limit of periodically-driven systems, to a nonsymplectic setting.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Quantum Theory of the Classical: Einselection, Envariance, Quantum Darwinism and Extantons. (arXiv:2208.09019v1 [quant-ph])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2022-08-22 16:45

Core quantum postulates including the superposition principle and the unitarity of evolutions are natural and strikingly simple. I show that -- when supplemented with a limited version of predictability (captured in the textbook accounts by the repeatability postulate) -- these core postulates can account for all the symptoms of classicality. In particular, both objective classical reality and elusive information about reality arise, via quantum Darwinism, from the quantum substrate.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Nonlinear magnon control of atomic spin defects in scalable quantum devices. (arXiv:2208.09036v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2022-08-22 16:45

Ongoing efforts in quantum engineering have recently focused on integrating magnonics into hybrid quantum architectures for novel functionalities. While hybrid magnon-quantum spin systems have been demonstrated with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, they have remained elusive on the technologically promising silicon carbide (SiC) platform mainly due to difficulties in finding a resonance overlap between the magnonic system and the spin centers. Here we circumvent this challenge by harnessing nonlinear magnon scattering processes in a magnetic vortex to access magnon modes that overlap in frequency with silicon-vacancy ($\textrm{V}_{\mathrm{Si}}$) spin transitions in SiC. Our results offer a route to develop hybrid systems that benefit from marrying the rich nonlinear dynamics of magnons with the advantageous properties of SiC for scalable quantum technologies.

Categories: Journals, Physics

### Investigation of role of antisite disorder in pristine cage compound FeGa3. (arXiv:2208.09064v1 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci])

arXiv.org: Quantum Physics - Mon, 2022-08-22 16:45

The role of controlled disorder in the strong correlated narrow gap semiconductor candidate FeGa$_3$ has been investigated. Polycrystalline samples were synthesized by the combination of arc-melting furnace and successive annealing processes. Deviations of the occupation number of Fe and Ga sites from those expected in the pristine compound were quantified with X-ray analysis. Besides that, electrical transport and magnetization measurements reveal that hierarchy in Fe and Ga site disorder tunes the ground state of FeGa$_3$ from paramagnetic semiconducting to a magnetic metal. These findings are discussed within the framework of Anderson metal-insulator transitions and spin fluctuations.

Categories: Journals, Physics